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10, .43, respectively) or T2D (p = .12, .63) patients in the cohort; or with graft failure (T1D p = .40, .09; T2D p = .71, .28). These observations suggest a less restricted approach to selective use of SPKT in patients with T2D.

Existing evidence links social isolation with poor health. To examine differences in the mortality risk by social isolation, and in socio-economic correlates of social isolation, we analyzed large-scale cohort studies in Japan and England.

Participants were drawn from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). We analyzed the 10-year mortality among 15 313 JAGES participants and 5124 ELSA respondents. Social isolation was measured by two scales, i.e., scoring the frequency of contact with close ties, and a composite measurement of social isolation risk. We calculated the population attributable fraction, and Cox regression models with multiple imputations were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality due to social isolation.

The proportion of those with contact frequency of less than once a month was 8.5% in JAGES and 1.3% in ELSA. Males, older people, those with poor self-rated health, and unmarried people were significantly associated with social isolation in both countries. Both scales showed that social isolation among older adults had a remarkably higher risk for premature death (less frequent contact with others in JAGES hazard ratio [HR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-1.33, in ELSA HR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.85-1.89; and high isolation risk score in JAGES HR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.12-1.50, in ELSA HR = 2.05, 95% CI 1.52-2.73). The population attributable fraction showed less frequent contact with close ties was attributed to about 18 000 premature deaths annually in Japan, in contrast with about 1800 in England.

Negative health impacts of social isolation were higher among older Japanese compared with those in England. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21 209-214.

Negative health impacts of social isolation were higher among older Japanese compared with those in England. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21 209-214.

We aimed to investigate whether physical function was associated with urinary incontinence (UI) onset in community-dwelling older Japanese women.

This was a 4-year prospective cohort study. After excluding participants with UI and missing data in the baseline survey, we included 890 participants in the analyses. Physical function including grip strength, maximal walking speed, knee extension strength, single-leg balance, and timed up and go (TUG) were measured. The primary outcome was the onset of all UI and different types of UI (urge, stress and mixed) based on the questionnaire survey. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to calculate the adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between physical function and the risk of all UI and different types of UI incident.

Among the 890 participants, 221 (25%) developed UI during the 4-year follow-up. After adjusting for confounders, better knee extension strength, maximal walking speed and TUG were significantly associated with a lower risk of all UI and urge UI onset, and better single-leg balance and TUG were significantly associated with a lower risk of mixed UI onset (P for trend <0.05). selleck No significant association was found between physical function and the risk of stress UI onset.

This study confirmed that better lower extremity physical function is associated with lower risk of urge and mixed UI onset, indicating that exercise programs focusing on maintaining and improving lower extremity physical function may be useful for reducing such events among older women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21 178-184.

This study confirmed that better lower extremity physical function is associated with lower risk of urge and mixed UI onset, indicating that exercise programs focusing on maintaining and improving lower extremity physical function may be useful for reducing such events among older women. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21 178-184.Trans-p-methoxy arylazopyrazole spontaneously forms non-centrosymmetric polar crystals, which reversibly undergo liquefaction upon photoisomerization to the cis-isomer. This liquid cis-isomer has a large electric dipole moment and is highly soluble in water (solubility up to ≈58 mM), which is remarkably higher than that of the trans-isomer (690 μM). Vis-light illumination of the aqueous cis-isomer generates macroscopically oriented, non-centrosymmetric crystals at the air-water interface. Polar crystals are also formed in sandwich glass cells (spacing, 20 μm) upon photo-induced crystallization of the liquid cis-isomer. The trans-crystals thus formed showed second harmonic generation (SHG) whose intensity is switched on/off in response to the photo-induced phase transition.

UV-induced oxidative skin stress leads to cutaneous photoaging. The objective of these 2 studies was to evaluate a nature-based botanical facial oil for the ability to decrease UV-induced oxidative skin stress.

22 females were enrolled in the UVA study, and 10 females were enrolled in the UVB study. Skin chemiluminescence induced by UVA exposure was measured at baseline and after 2weeks of daily topical application of the nature-based facial oil was evaluated in study 1. In study 2, UVB-induced erythema was measured after 8weeks of twice-daily topical application of the nature-based facial oil to a photoprotected site followed by skin biopsy to evaluate sunburn cell formation. In both studies, the treatment response was compared to the response on untreated skin.

The nature-based facial oil significantly reduced skin chemiluminescence following UVA exposure, demonstrating antioxidant activity. The nature-based facial oil also significantly reduced erythema formation following UVB exposure and resulted in reduced sunburn cell formation in 66.67% of subjects.

Topical nature-based facial oil can reduce UV-induced oxidative cutaneous damage.

Topical nature-based facial oil can reduce UV-induced oxidative cutaneous damage.

The aim of this study is to describe the effects of percutaneous cervical cordotomy (PCC) on pain, opioid consumption, adverse events, and satisfaction in palliative care patients with cancer pain after PCC until end of life.

This is a prospective observational case series of 58 PCCs in 52 consecutive patients. Indication for PCC was unilateral cancer pain with a maximum numeric rating scale (NRS) of pain above 5 despite maximal conservative treatment. The PCC was fluoroscopy guided. A radiofrequency lesion was made at 95°C for 20seconds. The pain location and pain scores, analgesic medication, the cranial and caudal borders of dermatomes hypoesthetic for pin pricks, dysesthesia, urinary retention, Horner's syndrome, muscle strength, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) score, patient satisfaction, hospital anxiety and distress score (HADS), and RAND 36 score were evaluated at 1day; 1 and 6weeks; and 3, 6, 9, 12 18, and 24months after PCC, or until death if death occurred during the follow-up period.

Pain relief after PCC was intense (change in median maximum NRS from 9 to 0) and persistent.