Starrgill9673

The collection of shed blood and its reinfusion has been termed 'cell salvage' or 'autotransfusion'. This review will summarize the historical foundation of cell salvage and summarize recent literature associated with cell salvage use in trauma.

There have been no publications on cell salvage in trauma during the last 2 years. This is based on a PubMed search using the key words, 'cell salvage', 'autologous blood transfusion' and 'operative blood salvage'. Although the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan were ongoing, publications focused upon autotranfusion of unwashed blood from the hemothorax and on the resuscitation of the injured in remote settings.

Autotransfusion or cell salvage is markedly under utilized in trauma. Opportunities exist for significant blood savings if it is used more frequently. More research is clearly needed to assess the safety of autotransfusion in the traumatized patient.

Autotransfusion or cell salvage is markedly under utilized in trauma. Opportunities exist for significant blood savings if it is used more frequently. More research is clearly needed to assess the safety of autotransfusion in the traumatized patient.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is considered one of the most promising and socioeconomically sustainable strategy to help control the pandemic and several vaccines are currently being distributed in nationwide mass immunization campaigns. Very limited data are available on benefits and risks of COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised patients and in particular in solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients as they were excluded from phase III trials. This review summarizes current knowledge, international guidelines and controversies regarding COVID-19 vaccination in these vulnerable populations.

Various COVID-19 vaccine platforms showed good efficacy in phase III trials in the immunocompetent and there are data arising on the safety and immunogenicity of these vaccines in the immunocompromised population.

Transplant recipients could benefit significantly from COVID-19 vaccination, both through active immunization provided they elicit protective vaccine responses, anddity and mortality.

This review is an overview of recent advances in diagnostics, therapies, and prevention strategies for cytomegalovirus (CMV), focusing on solid-organ transplant and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

A randomized trial of prophylaxis vs preemptive therapy in donor-seropositive, recipient-seronegative liver transplant recipients found significantly less CMV disease in the preemptive group. Maribavir has shown promise for the treatment of resistant/refractory CMV and for uncomplicated CMV DNAemia. A post hoc mortality analysis, as well as emerging reports of real-world and off-label use, have expanded the spectrum of clinical experience with letermovir. Selleckchem CTP-656 The first interventional trials using CMV cell-mediated immune assays have been published and showed promising results for delineating antiviral strategies. New data from additional interventional trials are expected soon.

The past 1-2 years have seen major developments in the area of CMV management in transplant recipients. Expanding diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities provide a foundation for optimizing strategies in the future, to reduce morbidity and mortality from CMV.

The past 1-2 years have seen major developments in the area of CMV management in transplant recipients. Expanding diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities provide a foundation for optimizing strategies in the future, to reduce morbidity and mortality from CMV.

The aim of the article is to review recent recommendations on the management of Strongyloidiasis and Chagas disease (ChD) in the context of stem-cell or solid-organ transplantation.

An update on laboratory screening, detection of acute disease or reactivation and recommended preventive or therapeutic options in the transplant recipients and donors is presented. Recent epidemiological data showing new estimates on the worldwide burden of both diseases and changes in the classical distribution around the globe should increase awareness and will impact the evaluation and management of transplant recipients and donors in endemic and nonendemic regions.

Strongyloidiasis and ChD are potentially life threatening if unnoticed in the context of stem-cell or solid-organ transplantation and should be considered in endemic and nonendemic areas. Effective strategies for detection, monitoring, prevention and management are available for both diseases.

Strongyloidiasis and ChD are potentially life threatening if unnoticed in the context of stem-cell or solid-organ transplantation and should be considered in endemic and nonendemic areas. Effective strategies for detection, monitoring, prevention and management are available for both diseases.

Trigeminal anesthesia causes neurotrophic keratopathy, which may yield facial disfigurement and corneal blindness.

We summarize approaches and evidence for corneal neurotization.

Regional sensory nerve transfer appears safe and effective for therapeutic management of neurotrophic keratopathy. Prospective randomized clinical trials are necessary to confirm the utility of corneal neurotization.

Regional sensory nerve transfer appears safe and effective for therapeutic management of neurotrophic keratopathy. Prospective randomized clinical trials are necessary to confirm the utility of corneal neurotization.

Total nasal reconstruction is a unique plastic surgery challenge of the highest order. The history of nasal reconstruction dates back to ancient times and it remains a fundamental challenge today. This article reviews the historical context of nasal reconstruction, and highlights how the essential tenets of this art have been conserved over millennia.

The disfiguring and brutal practice of nasal amputation created a demand for 'nosemakers' in India since 1500 BC. In 600 BC, Sushruta described the use of a leaf to make a template of the wound, and a cheek flap to supply tissue. In the 1400-1500s, the Italians relied on similar flap concepts, but employed a pedicled arm flap for soft tissue coverage. Eventually, the forehead flap, or 'Indian method' of nasal reconstruction, made its way to Europe in the 1800s. Its use has been a fundamental component of nasal reconstruction to this day.

Knowledge of the unique history of nasal reconstruction permits appreciation of this surgical integration of art and science.