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9, -70.4, and -60.6 cm-1 for Ar, Kr, and Xe, respectively. Additionally, in krypton and xenon matrices, the blue-shifted features in the CHasym bend region of acetylene were observed, which can be also tentatively attributed to the C2H2⋯NH2 ∙ complex. The extrapolated to the complete basis set limit unrestricted coupled cluster method with single and double, and perturbative triple excitations binding energy of the C2H2⋯NH2 ∙ complex (including zero-point vibration energy correction) is lower than that of the C2H2⋯NH3 complex (1.90 and 2.51 kcal mol-1, respectively). We believe that the C2H2⋯NH2 ∙ complex may be an important intermediate in cold synthetic astrochemistry.Density functional theory calculations are combined with time-resolved photoluminescence experiments to identify the species responsible for the reversible trapping of holes following photoexcitation of InP/ZnSe/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots (QDs) having excess indium in the shell [P. Cavanaugh et al., J. Chem. Phys. 155, 244705 (2021)]. Several possible assignments are considered, and a substitutional indium adjacent to a zinc vacancy, In3+/VZn 2-, is found to be the most likely. This assignment is consistent with the observation that trapping occurs only when the QD has excess indium and is supported by experiments showing that the addition of zinc oleate or acetate decreases the extent of trapping, presumably by filling some of the vacancy traps. We also show that the addition of alkyl carboxylic acids causes increased trapping, presumably by the creation of additional zinc vacancies. The calculations show that either a single In2+ ion or an In2+-In3+ dimer is much too easily oxidized to form the reversible traps observed experimentally, while In3+ is far too difficult to oxidize. Additional experimental data on InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs synthesized in the absence of chloride demonstrates that the reversible traps are not associated with Cl-. However, a zinc vacancy adjacent to a substitutional indium is calculated to have its highest occupied orbitals about 1 eV above the top of the valence band of bulk ZnSe, in the appropriate energy range to act as reversible traps for quantum confined holes in the InP valence band. The associated orbitals are predominantly composed of p orbitals on the Se atoms adjacent to the Zn vacancy.We construct a new modification of correlation consistent effective core potentials (ccECPs) for late 3d elements Cr-Zn with Ne-core that are adapted for efficiency and low energy cut-offs in plane wave calculations. The decrease in accuracy is rather minor, so that the constructions are in the same overall accuracy class as the original ccECPs. The resulting new constructions work with energy cut-offs at or below ≈400 Ry and, thus, make calculations of large systems with transition metals feasible for plane wave codes. We also provide the basic benchmarks for atomic spectra and molecular tests of this modified option that we denote as ccECP-soft.We describe improvements to the quasicentroid molecular dynamics (QCMD) path-integral method, which was developed recently for computing the infrared spectra of condensed-phase systems. The main development is an improved estimator for the intermolecular torque on the quasicentroid. When applied to qTIP4P/F liquid water and ice, the new estimator is found to remove an artificial 25 cm-1 red shift from the libration bands, to increase slightly the intensity of the OH stretch band in the liquid, and to reduce small errors noted previously in the QCMD radial distribution functions. We also modify the mass-scaling used in the adiabatic QCMD algorithm, which allows the molecular dynamics timestep to be quadrupled, thus reducing the expense of a QCMD calculation to twice that of Cartesian centroid molecular dynamics for qTIP4P/F liquid water at 300 K, and eight times for ice at 150 K.The degradation of microplastics in relation to marine pollution has been receiving increasing attention. Because the spherulites that comprise microplastics have a highly ordered lamellar structure, their decomposition is thought to involve a lamellar structure collapse process. However, even in the simplest case of an order-disorder transition between lamellae and melt upon heating, the microscopic details of the transition have yet to be elucidated. In particular, it is unclear whether nucleation occurs at defects in the crystalline portion or at the interface between the crystalline and amorphous portions. To observe the transition in molecular simulations, an approach that distinguishes between the crystalline and amorphous structures that make up the lamella is needed. Local order parameters (LOPs) are an attempt to define the degree of order on a particle-by-particle basis and have demonstrated the ability to precisely render complex order structure transitions during phase transitions. In this study, 274 LOPs were considered to classify the crystalline and amorphous structures of polymers. Supervised machine learning was used to automatically and systematically search for the parameters. The identified optimal LOP does not require macroscopic information such as the overall orientation direction of the lamella layers but can precisely distinguish the crystalline and amorphous portions of the lamella layers using only a small amount of neighboring particle information.We present here the first full computation of the rovibrational quenching of a polyatomic molecule (water) by a rotating molecular projectile (H2). The computation is performed for quenching from the first bending mode of water at ν ≃ 1595 cm-1 with a rotation energy of up to ∼400 cm-1 in the bending mode. Molecular hydrogen is in its para and ortho modifications; it is rotating with a rotational quantum number of up to 4 and 3, respectively. CX-5461 ic50 All computations are performed on a very reliable and fully tested potential water-hydrogen energy surface of full dimensionality. Dynamics is performed in the full coupled channel formalism in the rigid bender approximation with a decoupling of the water rotation and vibration bases. Rate coefficients are converged for a kinetic temperature range 50-500 K. The crucial importance of the proper treatment of the projectile rotation is emphasized with orders of magnitude differences between the different channels for the H2 rotation. Sensitivity to the actual rovibrational initial state of water exists but in a weaker manner. Overall quenching rate coefficients are about 10-12 cm3 s-1, remaining one to three orders of magnitude lower than pure rotational quenching. They should be employed to model denser and warmer astrophysical media, such as high atmospheres or star and planet forming regions, which are to be explored by infrared space telescopes, such as JWST.One-electron ionization processes X→Xi + in orbitally degenerate systems, such as atoms with the open-shell configuration pN, can be divided into two groups. The first group involves the processes that are allowed in photoelectron spectra. The processes of this group in atoms obey the familiar selection rules (SRs) formulated within the Russell-Saunders L, S coupling. All other ionization processes, for which SRs are not obeyed, belong to the second group. Here, we analyze the validity of Koopmans' theorem (KT) for the processes of the second group forbidden by SRs. We show that the general formulation of KT in the Hartree-Fock method [Plakhutin, J. Chem. Phys. 148, 094101 (2018)] is implicitly based on the assumption that a X→Xi + process is allowed by SRs, and this presents a limitation of KT. To overcome the latter, we develop an extension of KT that enables estimating the energies of SR-forbidden processes. We prove that the variational condition underlying KT gives different results for SR-allowed and SR-forbidden processes. For the former processes, this condition gives the familiar KT relationship Ii = -ɛi, while for SR-forbidden processes, the respective relationship between Ii and ɛi takes a more complex form. The practical applicability of the extension of KT is verified by applying it to the totality of ionization processes in the valence 2s and 2p shells of atoms C, N, and O in their ground and excited states, which involves a total of 29 SR-allowed and 34 SR-forbidden processes. For all of these processes, we compare KT estimates of ionization energies (IEs) with the relevant experimental data. For comparison, we also present the respective estimates of IEs derived with a ΔSCF approach. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the validity of KT in the specific cases of violation of Hund's rules for cation states.We investigate the rheo-mechanical properties of Mebiol Gel®, a thermosensitive gel-forming polymer extensively used as a medium for cellular culture, using passive microrheology made either by standard dynamic light scattering or by photon correlation imaging. In the dilute limit, Mebiol displays a Newtonian behavior with an effective viscosity that decreases with temperature, consistent with a peculiar aggregation mechanism characterized by an increase of the molecular weight with a simultaneous reduction of the aggregate size. By increasing concentration and approaching gelation, both the storage and loss moduli show a nonmonotonic dependence with temperature, with a pronounced maximum around Tm ≃ 28-30 °C, the value above which, in the dilute limit, the individual Mebiol chains are fully compacted. Such a distinctive trend of the elastic and viscous properties persists within the gel, which, therefore, becomes "softer" above Tm. Although when temperature changes are performed adiabatically, the transition from the fluid to the gel phase takes place without any apparent discontinuity, a rapid T-jump leads to the formation of a hard gel at a concentration where a low heating rate conversely yields a fluid phase. This is a visible manifestation of the nonequilibrium nature of these physical gels.Sun et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 144, 191101 (2016)] suggested that common density-functional approximations (DFAs) should exhibit large energy errors for excited states as a necessary consequence of orbital nodality. Motivated by self-interaction corrected density-functional calculations on many-electron systems, we continue their study with the exactly solvable 1s, 2p, and 3d states of 36 hydrogenic one-electron ions (H-Kr35+) and demonstrate with self-consistent calculations that state-of-the-art DFAs indeed exhibit large errors for the 2p and 3d excited states. We consider 56 functionals at the local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA) as well as meta-GGA levels, and several hybrid functionals such as the recently proposed machine-learned DM21 local hybrid functional. The best non-hybrid functional for the 1s ground state is revTPSS. As predicted by Sun et al., the 2p and 3d excited states are more difficult for DFAs, and LDA functionals turn out to yield the most systematic accuracy for these states among non-hybrid functionals. The best performance for the three states overall is observed with the BHandH global hybrid GGA functional, which contains 50% Hartree-Fock exchange and 50% LDA exchange. The performance of DM21 is found to be inconsistent, yielding good accuracy for some states and systems and poor accuracy for others. Based on these results, we recommend including a variety of one-electron cations in future training of machine-learned density functionals.