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Young people with depression and/or anxiety may self-medicate with tobacco or tobacco with marijuana to reduce their symptoms. This study sought to differentiate between the use of tobacco products as intended and tobacco products modified to accommodate marijuana, and to explore their relationships with symptoms of depression and anxiety among youth and young adults.
The study is a secondary analysis of Wave 9 (Spring 2019) data from the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance (TATAMS) (n=2439, N=274030). Anxiety and major depressive symptoms were measured by GAD-7 and PHQ-9, respectively.
The odds of reporting current use of e-cigarettes without marijuana (adjusted prevalence odds ratio, APOR=2.34; 95% CI 1.30-4.21, p=0.005) and current use of combustible tobacco without marijuana (APOR=2.99; 95% CI 1.26-7.09, p=0.014) were significantly higher among those who reported depression/anxiety comorbidity compared to those who reported no symptoms of major depressive symptoms (MDS), anxiety or comorbidity. The odds of reporting ever use of e-cigarettes with marijuana (APOR=3.68; 95% CI 1.69- 8.00, p=0.001), current use of e-cigarettes with marijuana (APOR=2.76; 95% CI 1.28-5.97, p=0.01) and ever use of combustible tobacco with marijuana (APOR=3.99; 95% CI 1.66-9.58, p=0.002) were significantly higher among those reporting only MDS compared to those who reported no symptoms of MDS, anxiety or comorbidity.
The study findings can have implications for intervention planning, as interventions need to address marijuana and nicotine use in tobacco products and address anxiety and depression.
The study findings can have implications for intervention planning, as interventions need to address marijuana and nicotine use in tobacco products and address anxiety and depression.The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is complex and multifactorial, and inflammation plays a central role. Inflammasomes are multimeric protein complexes that are activated in a 2-step manner in response to infection or tissue damage. Upon activation the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukins-1β and -18 are released. In the last decade, the evidence that inflammasome activation plays an important role in CVD development became stronger. We discuss the role of different inflammasomes in the pathogenesis of CVD, focusing on atherosclerosis and heart failure. This review also provides an overview of existing experimental studies and clinical trials on inflammasome inhibition as a therapeutic target in these disorders.The primary etiology of a diverse range of cardiomyopathies is now understood to be genetic, creating a new paradigm for targeting treatments on the basis of the underlying molecular cause. This review provides a genetic and etiologic context for the traditional clinical classifications of cardiomyopathy, including molecular subtypes that may exhibit differential responses to existing or emerging treatments. The authors describe several emerging cardiomyopathy treatments, including gene therapy, direct targeting of myofilament function, protein quality control, metabolism, and others. The authors discuss advantages and disadvantages of these approaches and indicate areas of high potential for short- and longer term efficacy.Relaxin is a pleiotropic hormone shown to confer cardioprotection in several preclinical models of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, the effects of up-regulating relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) via adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vectors were investigated in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. AAV9-RXFP1 vectors were generated and injected in adult male CD1 mice. Up-regulation of Rxfp1 was confirmed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and overexpressing animals showed increased sensitivity to relaxin-induced ventricular inotropic response. Overexpressing animals also demonstrated reduced infarct size and preserved cardiac function 24 hours after ischemia-reperfusion. Up-regulation of RXFP1 via AAV9 vectors has potential therapeutic utility in preventing adverse remodeling after myocardial infarction.In peripheral arterial disease (PAD), the degree of endogenous capacity to modulate revascularization of limb muscle is central to the management of leg ischemia. To characterize the multiscale and multicellular nature of revascularization in PAD, we have developed the first computational systems biology model that mechanistically incorporates intracellular, cellular, and tissue-level features critical for the dynamic reconstitution of perfusion after occlusion-induced ischemia. The computational model was specifically formulated for a preclinical animal model of PAD (mouse hindlimb ischemia [HLI]), and it has gone through multilevel model calibration and validation against a comprehensive set of experimental data so that it accurately captures the complex cellular signaling, cell-cell communication, and function during post-HLI perfusion recovery. As an example, our model simulations generated a highly detailed description of the time-dependent spectrum-like macrophage phenotypes in HLI, and through model sensitivity analysis we identified key cellular processes with potential therapeutic significance in the pathophysiology of PAD. Furthermore, we computationally evaluated the in vivo effects of different targeted interventions on post-HLI tissue perfusion recovery in a model-based, data-driven, virtual mouse population and experimentally confirmed the therapeutic effect of a novel model-predicted intervention in real HLI mice. This novel multiscale model opens up a new avenue to use integrative systems biology modeling to facilitate translational research in PAD.A nitrate-rich diet has many cardiovascular benefits, but the mechanism behind this is unclear. We hypothesized that the ingestion of nitrate augments nitrate to nitrite reduction, leading to nitric oxide (NO) production, which may suppress platelet reactivity. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study involving healthy individuals, ingestion of nitrate augmented saliva and plasma nitrite/nitrate concentration and enhanced platelet NO production disproportionately in women compared with men. The response of elevated platelet NO in men was increased platelet reactivity and the response of markedly elevated platelet NO in women slightly inhibited platelet reactivity.The objective of this study was to determine associations of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) with development of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD). PON-1 is a cardioprotective enzyme associated with high-density lipoprotein that prevents oxidized low-density lipoprotein formation. Given the role of oxidative stress in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, PON-1 activity may have relevance for the prediction of CTRCD. In 225 patients with breast cancer receiving doxorubicin with or without trastuzumab, we quantified PON-1 activity through its paraoxonase (Pon) and arylesterase (Aryl) enzymatic activity at baseline, during, and after doxorubicin completion. Echocardiograms were performed at baseline, during therapy, and annually. CTRCD was defined as a decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction by ≥10% from baseline to less then 50%. Associations between baseline biomarkers and clinical variables were determined using multivariable linear regression. Associations between changes in biomarker activity activity level of PON-1 were associated with increased CTRCD risk. PON-1 activity may be relevant to mechanistic risk prediction of cardiotoxicity with anthracyclines.
To report a rare case of orbital angioleiomyoma (ALM) and its management.
A 22-year-old woman presented with slowly progressive painless axial proptosis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a well-defined intraconal mass that was isointense in T1 and hyperintense in T2 weighted images, heterogeneously enhanced by gadolinium.
The tumor, despite having significant adhesions to surrounding tissues and noticeable hemorrhage, was excised completely via the lateral orbitotomy approach. Histopathologic analysis of the specimen was consistent with an orbital ALM. The patient recovered from the operation uneventfully.
ALM must be considered in the differential diagnoses of orbital tumors.
ALM must be considered in the differential diagnoses of orbital tumors.
To report a case of macular edema and an epiretinal membrane in an isolated astrocytic hamartoma treated surgically.
Case report.
We describe the case of a 37-year-old woman whose first symptoms were blurred vision and metamorphopsia. Optical coherence tomography revealed macular edema together with an epiretinal membrane secondary to an isolated retinal astrocytic hamartoma. We performed a pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with membrane peeling. Both visual and structural outcomes were satisfactory. Complete resolution of symptoms was obtained, and visual acuity was preserved after a 7-month follow-up.
Although rare, epiretinal membrane may be present in isolated retinal astrocytic hamartomas, PPV and epiretinal membrane peeling may be a good treatment option in glial tumors with macular edema associated with an epiretinal membrane.
Although rare, epiretinal membrane may be present in isolated retinal astrocytic hamartomas, PPV and epiretinal membrane peeling may be a good treatment option in glial tumors with macular edema associated with an epiretinal membrane.
To report the closure of a recalcitrant macular hole (MH) following the development of choroidal neovascularization.
A 67-year-old female patient in this case report was diagnosed with a MH and operated twice, but anatomical closure of MH could not be achieved. The patient was followed up without further treatment, as she rejected any additional procedure.
Six months later, a lesion consistent with choroidal neovascularization appeared in the central macula, and the recalcitrant MH closed spontaneously. The MH defect remained closed in the following years.
Besides being a new example of the presence of choroidal neovascularization after MH surgery, the most important aspect of this case report is to report the closure of a recalcitrant MH following the development of choroidal neovascularization.
Besides being a new example of the presence of choroidal neovascularization after MH surgery, the most important aspect of this case report is to report the closure of a recalcitrant MH following the development of choroidal neovascularization.
To describe a case where prophylactic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) eye drops lead to recurrent corneal melt with loss of vision and a brief literature review.
This is a case report of an 84-year-old diabetic female with chronic dry eye, operated by two different surgeons on each eye at different time intervals. She received topical NSAID prophylaxis after the second surgery only, which led to blindness due to recurrent corneal melt and chronic choroidal effusions. We also present a brief literature review.
This lady presented with corneal melt and perforation 5 days following the use of topical NSAIDs prophylaxis after a routine cataract surgery in the second eye. Unfortunately, all efforts to save her vision and eye were unsuccessful as she developed repeated complications in spite of corneal gluing, amniotic membrane, penetrating keratoplasty, and tarsorrhaphy. this website She also had chronic choroidal effusions. She ended up with an opaque cornea and a subtotal tarsorrhaphy, with no other option to improve her vision as she did not qualify for sedation or general anesthesia due to her poor systemic health.
