Slothharrell0033

ative to controls, than their male CAI counterparts.

The human foot has competent mechanisms for supporting weight and adapting movement to various surfaces; in particular, the toe flexor muscles aid in supporting the foot arches and may be important contributors to postural stability. However, the role of intrinsic foot muscle morphology and structure in the postural control system remains unclear, and the relationship between them is not well known.

Are intrinsic foot muscle morphology and toe flexor strength related to static and dynamic postural stability in healthy young men?.

A total of 27 healthy men aged 19-27 years participated in this study. intrinsic foot muscle morphology included muscle hardness and thickness. Cross-sectional area was measured by ultrasonography at an ankle dorsiflexion angle of 0°. The hardness of the abductor hallucis (AbH), flexor hallucis brevis, and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles was measured using ultrasound real-time tissue elastography. Static postural stability during single-leg standing on a single force platlance tasks.

The results indicated that intrinsic foot muscle hardness plays an important role in dynamic postural control among healthy young men, which may enable a more rapid muscular response to changes in condition during jump landing and better performance in balance tasks.

Treadmill training may improve gait disorders associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson's disease (PD), treadmill training alters gait patterns after one session, and long-term training improves gait parameters, fall risk, and quality of life.

What is the feasibility and safety of using this intervention for people with Lewy body dementia (LBD) or Huntington's disease (HD)?

In this observational study, 10 individuals with HD, 8 individuals with LBD, and 10 control individuals walked for 20 min on a treadmill using a speed dependent protocol starting at a slow comfortable speed and increasing incrementally toward their normal overground speed. Feasibility was determined by compliance to protocol and safety by no incidents of abnormal vital signs or expressions of distress. Dulaglutide Changes in gait measures, Timed Up and Go (TUG) scores and quantitative motor function measures (Q-Motor; precision grasp force variability, finger and foot tapping frequency) before and after treadmill walking were analle to the effects of treadmill training.

Multi-segment foot analysis is traditionally challenging to perform while subjects are wearing footwear or a foot orthosis and is difficult to apply in the clinical setting. A recently developed stretch strain sensor (STR), that is thin and highly flexible, may solve this limitation because it does not require observation using a camera and is highly portable.

This study aimed to examine the reproducibility and validity of foot motion analysis using the STR during walking and running by comparing it with a conventional motion capture system.

Twenty-one healthy participants were examined in this study. The STR was placed on the participant's foot in one of two locations in separate experiments (spring ligament; SL and navicular drop; ND methods). Foot kinematic data during walking and running were simultaneously recorded using the STR and a three-dimensional motion capture system. Intra-class correlation (ICC) was used to assess test-retest reproducibility of the STR method. Cross-correlation coefficientnalysis. This system may enable measurement of foot motion while subjects are wearing shoes and outside the laboratory.

Cognitive impairment (CI) is reported but is poorly explored in spinocerebellar ataxia 2 (SCA2). This study was undertaken to evaluate and classify cognitive impairment in patients with SCA2 and to identify their grey matter (GM) correlates.

We evaluated the neurocognitive profile of 35 SCA2 and 30 age-, gender- and education-matched healthy controls using tests for attention, executive functions, learning and memory, language and fluency, and visuomotor constructive ability. link2 Patients were classified into SCA2 with and without CI based on normative data from population and healthy controls. Furthermore, patients with CI were sub-classified based on the number of impaired domains into multi-domain CI (≥3 domains; MDCI) and limited domain CI (≤2 domains; LDCI). The underlying GM changes were identified using voxel based morphometry.

The mean age at onset, duration of disease, and ataxia score was 28.7±8.51 years, 66.7±44.1 months, and 16.1±4.9 points, respectively. CI was present in 71.4% of SCA2 subjects (MDCI 42.7%; LDCI 28.5%). Patients with CI had significant atrophy of the posterior cerebellum, sensorimotor cortex, and superior frontal gyrus (FWE p-value <0.05). Patients with MDCI had significant GM atrophy of the angular gyrus compared to LDCI (FWE p-value <0.05).

Patients with CI had significant GM involvement of the posterior cerebellum and frontal lobe, suggestive of impairment in the cerebello-fronto-cortical circuitry.

Patients with CI had significant GM involvement of the posterior cerebellum and frontal lobe, suggestive of impairment in the cerebello-fronto-cortical circuitry.

To investigate the mechanisms by which Perampanel (PER) reduces the severity of action myoclonus, we studied on MEG signals the changes occurring in cortico-muscular coherence (CMC) and cortico-cortical connectivity in patients with progressive myoclonus epilepsies.

The subjects performed an isometric extension of the hand; CMC and cortico-cortical connectivity were assessed using autoregressive models and generalized partial-directed coherence. The contralateral (Co) sensors showing average CMC values>0.7 of the maximum (set to 1) were grouped as central (C) regions of interest (ROI), while adjacent sensors showing CMC values>0.3 were grouped as Surrounding (Sr) ROIs.

Under PER treatment, CMC decreased on Co C and Sr ROIs, but also on homologous ipsilateral (Ip) ROIs; out-degrees and betweenness centrality increased in Co ROIs and decreased in Ip ROIs. link3 The flow from Ip to Co ROIs and from activated muscles to Ip C ROI decreased.

The improvement of myoclonus corresponded to decreased CMC and recovered leadership of the cortical regions directly involved in the motor task, with a reduced interference of ipsilateral areas.

Our study highlights on mechanisms suitable to treating myoclonus and suggests the role of a reduced local synchronization together a better control of distant synaptic effects.

Our study highlights on mechanisms suitable to treating myoclonus and suggests the role of a reduced local synchronization together a better control of distant synaptic effects.Adipose tissue secretes multiple hormones termed adipokines, which are important regulators of many processes. There are four types of evidence supporting an association between adipokines and female fertility which are effects that occur centrally at the pituitary; peripherally and locally at the ovary and reproductive tract; directly on the oocyte/embryo and during pregnancy. In this review, there was a focus on the description of adipokines (leptin, apelin, resistin, chemerin, adiponectin, vaspin and visfatin) on ovarian cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis in comparison to effects on human and domestic animal ovaries including pigs, cattle and chickens. Knowledge about molecules which regulate the balance between proliferation and apoptosis so that these processes are optimal for ovarian function is essential for understanding the physiology and reducing the incidence of infertility. Furthermore, oogenesis, folliculogenesis, oocyte loss/selection and atresia are important processes for optimal ovarian physiological functions. There, however, is ovulation from only a few follicles, while the majority undergo atresia that is induced by apoptosis.

The aim of this cross-sectional comparative study was to investigate potential differences in soleus H-reflex to M-wave ratio between obese and non-obese individuals under different postural constraints.

A total of 23 obese individuals and 23 matched non-obese controls took part in the study. The maximal soleus H-reflex to M-wave ratio (peak-to-peak amplitude) was quantified in three different conditions seated at rest, seated with a light contraction of the plantar flexors and during bipedal quiet standing.

Soleus H-reflex to M-wave ratio was significantly higher in obese than in non-obese individuals in all the experimental conditions (p<0.01).

Obese individuals showed larger normalized soleus H-reflex responses than their non-obese counterparts, probably as a reflect of long-term neurophysiological adaptations to excessive body weight and postural demands.

Obese individuals showed larger normalized soleus H-reflex responses than their non-obese counterparts, probably as a reflect of long-term neurophysiological adaptations to excessive body weight and postural demands.

A weight bearing ankle equinus has adverse effects on forefoot plantar pressure variables in older adults with diabetes, but it is unclear if this is also the case in older adults without diabetes.

40 older adults with diabetes (88% type 2, mean diabetes duration 17.6±14.8years) and 40 older adults without diabetes, matched for age (±3years), sex and BMI (±2 BMI units) were included (63% female, mean age 72±4years, BMI 30±4kg/m

). Primary outcomes were prevalence of a weight bearing equinus and evaluation of barefoot forefoot plantar pressures in older adults with and without diabetes.

A weight bearing equinus was present in 37.5% and 27.5% of the diabetes and non-diabetes group respectively with no significant difference between groups (p=0.470). People with diabetes and equinus displayed higher peak pressure (808 versus 540kPa, p=0.065) and significantly higher pressure-time integral (86 versus 68kPa/s, p=0.030) than people with diabetes and no equinus group. The non-diabetes equinus group had significantly higher peak pressure (665 versus 567kPa, p=0.035) than those with no diabetes and no equinus, but no difference in pressure-time integral.

A high prevalence of a weight bearing equinus was detected in older adults with and without diabetes, with associated increases in plantar pressures. As an equinus has been associated with many foot pathologies this study's findings suggest that clinicians should check for the presence of a weight bearing ankle equinus in all older adults.

A high prevalence of a weight bearing equinus was detected in older adults with and without diabetes, with associated increases in plantar pressures. As an equinus has been associated with many foot pathologies this study's findings suggest that clinicians should check for the presence of a weight bearing ankle equinus in all older adults.

High ankle sprains are insidious injuries associated with a long recovery period, functional impairment and long-term sequelae if mistreated. This systematic review investigates the biomechanical knowledge on the kinematic consequences of sequential syndesmotic ligamentous injuries, aiming to furnish an updated and objective contribution for the critical appraisal and further elaboration of current diagnostic algorithms for high ankle sprains.

A systematic review was performed to identify human biomechanical studies evaluating the stabilizing role of the syndesmotic ligaments. Special attention was paid to identify the smallest lesion within the progressive simulated injuries able to provoke statistically significant changes of the syndesmotic kinematic on the specimen, the mechanical solicitation that provoked it, and the measurement methodology.

Fourteen studies were included. In eight articles already an isolated injury to the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament provoked significant changes of the syndesmotic kinematic, which was always depicted under an external rotation torque.