Singhwrenn9763

It is aimed to help maternity health care providers educate prospective parents about congenital CMV disease and the preventative and therapeutic strategies currently available. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIM We aimed to study the natural course of recurrent episodic and chronic wet cough in preschool children, the proportion and age of resolution, and risk factors for persistent symptoms. METHODS Parents of children with recurrent or chronic wet cough who had attended the outpatient clinic before the age of three years during 2010-2013 at Stavanger University Hospital, Norway, answered a questionnaire regarding clinical symptoms and current medication at a follow up in 2017-2018. RESULTS We invited 840 children to participate, and parents consented for 348 (41.4%) of the children. At the first outpatient visit, 171 children (58.8%) had recurrent episodic and 120 (41.2%) had chronic wet cough. At follow up at a median age of 82 months, 57.0% in both groups were symptom-free, and 9.4% with episodic cough and 13.3% with chronic cough had more than mild symptoms. During the last 12 months prior to the survey, 27.2% with episodic cough and 18.6% with chronic cough had used inhaled corticosteroids. CONCLUSION Half of the preschool children with recurrent episodic or chronic wet cough outgrew their symptoms by the median age of seven years, but one in four still used inhaled corticosteroids. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent liver disease that affects 34% of children with obesity. Besides the liver-related morbidity, NAFLD also increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases at adult age. Diverse screening recommendations exist on paediatric NAFLD. The aim of this study was to assess screening practices among paediatricians managing children with obesity in the Netherlands. METHODS Between 2016 and 2017, an Internet-based survey was sent to all 167 members of the endocrinology section of the Dutch Paediatricians Society, that includes all paediatricians involved in obesity care. Descriptive statistics (frequencies) were used to analyse responses. RESULTS In total, 42/167 (25%) of the invited paediatricians responded. Thirty-six of 42 respondents (86%) screen for NAFLD. One-third of those do not follow any guideline. Most respondents use ALT as screening tool, with thresholds varying between 21-80 IU/L. The majority (29/36) indicate they lack guidance on screening and follow-up. CONCLUSION In this study sample of Dutch paediatricians, screening for paediatric NAFLD is widely, albeit not universally, performed and in a highly variable way. This underlines the need come to a uniform and comprehensive screening strategy and raise awareness about NAFLD among physicians treating children with obesity. © 2020 The Authors. Acta Paediatrica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation Acta Paediatrica.OBJECTIVE(S) To investigate differences in public stigma, self-stigma, attitudes (value and discomfort), and intentions to seek help between online and face-to-face counseling. To identify a difference in the relationship between these variables and both counseling modalities. METHOD An online survey completed by 538 college students from one university in the Southeastern United States. The sample included 412 females and 126 males with a mean age of 20.21 years (standard deviation [SD] = 1.26). RESULTS Significantly higher levels of self-stigma and discomfort toward online counseling were reported. Significantly higher value and intentions were reported toward face-to-face counseling. Self-stigma was positively related to public stigma, value was negatively related to self-stigma, and intentions toward seeking help was positively related to value. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest face-to-face counseling is seen as a more favorable method of service delivery compared to online counseling. Value toward online counseling is an important predictor for seeking this type of help. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Clinical Psychology published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.BACKGROUND Lumbosacral radicular pain (commonly called sciatica) is a syndrome involving patients who report radiating leg pain. Epidural corticosteroid injections deliver a corticosteroid dose into the epidural space, with the aim of reducing the local inflammatory process and, consequently, relieving the symptoms of lumbosacral radicular pain. This Cochrane Review is an update of a review published in Annals of Internal Medicine in 2012. Some placebo-controlled trials have been published recently, which highlights the importance of updating the previous review. OBJECTIVES To investigate the efficacy and safety of epidural corticosteroid injections compared with placebo injection on pain and disability in patients with lumbosacral radicular pain. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases without language limitations up to 25 September 2019 Cochrane Back and Neck group trial register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and two trial registers. We also and may not be considered clinically important by patients and clinicians (i.e. mean difference lower than 10%). According to GRADE, the quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate, suggesting that further studies are likely to play an important role in clarifying the efficacy and tolerability of this treatment. read more We recommend that further trials should attend to methodological features such as appropriate allocation concealment and blinding of care providers to minimise the potential for biased estimates of treatment and harmful effects. Copyright © 2020 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Species typically align along a fast-slow life-history continuum, yet it is not clear to what extent oxidative stress physiology can be integrated with this continuum to form a 'pace-of-life syndrome', especially so in invertebrates. This is important, given the assumed role of oxidative stress in mediating life-history trade-offs, and the prediction that species with a faster pace should be more vulnerable to oxidative stress. We tested whether a species' life-history pace, here represented by its growth rate, can predict species-level differentiation in physiology and sensitivity to oxidative stress. Therefore, we exposed four species of Ischnura damselflies that strongly align along a fast-slow life-history continuum to different levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. We measured an extended set of physiological traits linked to the pace-of-life standard metabolic rate (SMR), oxidative stress physiology (antioxidant enzymes and oxidative damage), and defence/condition traits (investment in immune function, e traits among the studied damselfly species. Our study highlights that ecological differences between species may decouple covariation between species' life-history pace and their physiology, as well as their sensitivity to environmental stressors. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Although parasites represent a substantial part of marine communities' biomass and diversity, their influence on ecosystem functioning, especially via the modification of host behaviour, remains largely unknown. Here, we explored the effects of the bopyrid ectoparasite Gyge branchialis on the engineering activities of the thalassinid crustacean Upogebia pusilla and the cascading effects on intertidal ecosystem processes (e.g. sediment bioturbation) and functions (e.g. nutrient regeneration). Laboratory experiments revealed that the overall activity level of parasitized mud shrimp is reduced by a factor 3.3 due to a decrease in time allocated to burrowing and ventilating activities (by a factor 1.9 and 2.9 respectively). link2 Decrease in activity level led to strong reductions of bioturbation rates and biogeochemical fluxes at the sediment-water interface. Given the worldwide distribution of mud shrimp and their key role in biogeochemical processes, parasite-mediated alteration of their engineering behaviour has undoubtedly broad ecological impacts on marine coastal systems functioning. Our results illustrate further the need to consider host-parasite interactions (including trait-mediated indirect effects) when assessing the contribution of species to ecosystem properties, functions and services. This article is protected by copyright. link3 All rights reserved.Anthropogenic landscape alteration and climate change can have multi-scale and inter-related effects on ecological systems. Such changes to the environment can disrupt the connection between habitat quality and the cues that species use to identify quality habitat, which can result in an ecological trap. Ecological traps are typically difficult to identify without fine-scale information on individual survival and fitness, but this information is rarely available over large temporal and spatial scales. The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of the United States and Canada has undergone extensive changes in the latter half of the 20th century due to advancements in agricultural technologies, water management practices, and climate change. Historically, the PPR has been a highly productive area for breeding waterfowl. While the overall trends for dabbling ducks in the PPR have exhibited increasing abundances since the late 1980s, some species, such as the northern pintail, have been declining in abundance. We used a l where this ecological trap is contributing significantly to mismatches between habitat selection and demographic processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Constraint-breaking adaptations are evolutionary tools that provide a mechanism for incumbent-replacement between species filling similar ecological roles. In common-garden experiments, we exposed populations of two desert rodents to two different viper species, testing their ability to adjust to novel predators that use different hunting strategies. We aimed to understand whether both predators and prey with constraint-breaking adaptations actually manifest comparative advantage over their counterparts. We used convergent species from desert dunes in the Mojave Desert in North America, Merriam's kangaroo rat (Dipodomys merriami) and the sidewinder rattlesnake (Crotalus cerastes), and from the Negev Desert in the Middle East, the greater Egyptian gerbil (Gerbillus pyramidum) and the Saharan horned vipers (Cerastes cerastes). Both Mojave species hold constraint-breaking adaptations in relation to their counterparts from the Negev. The rattlesnakes have heat sensing organs (pits) and the kangaroo rats have fur-lined cheek pouches that allow for greater foraging efficiency and food preservation. Using patch-use, we assessed the rodents' risk-assessment from each snake- separately, together and in combination with barn owls. Initially each rodent species foraged less in the presence of its familiar snake, but within a month both foraged less in the presence of the pit-viper (sidewinder). Our findings indicate a level of learning, and behavioural plasticity, in both rodents and ability to assess the risk from novel predators. The kangaroo rats were capable of harvesting far greater amounts of resources under the same conditions of elevate risk. However, the reason for their advantage may lay in bi-pedal agility and not only their ability collect food more efficiently. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.