Schultztranberg9047

Exposure to lead (Pb) has been shown to alter the function of central nervous system and affect cholinergic neurons of the visual cortex in animal models. This study sought to investigate the withdrawal symptoms and oxidative stress on the visual cortex after lead exposure. A total of 20 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=10) group A, control, received 10 ml/kg of distilled water for 30 days orally; group B, lead treated group, received 10 mg/kg of lead nitrate solution for 30 days orally. Group B was divided into two subgroups, group B1 serves as non-recovery while B2 serves as recovery (withdrawal). Five rats from each group were sacrificed under ether anesthesia 24 hours after the last oral administration of lead, while the remaining 5 rats (withdrawal subgroup) were sacrificed 30 days after the last oral administration of lead. The visual cortex was grossed from the brain tissue and processed for histology. Blood/serum samples were obtained and markers of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPX]), and lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde [MDA]) were analyzed. click here Lead-exposed rats display a significant reduction in the SOD, CAT, and GPX level as well as increased in MDA level. However, following a recovery period, a non-significant improvement was seen in the histoarchitecture of the visual cortex. The umbilical cord (UC) is a platform for fetal nourishment and growth. The fetus, mother and placenta with UC form a triad, which contributes to pregnancy outcome. When pregnancy is complicated by a medical condition like hypertension, affects both maternal and fetal health. Being a fetal structure it can be used as a window to know the maternal dysfunctions and their impacts on fetal wellbeing. The present study is to explore the histomorphometric changes of the UC and its vessels involved in the development of hypertension during pregnancy. Sixty UCs were used and the following parameters, total UC area; total vessel area; jelly area; wall area, luminal area and wall thickness of umbilical arteries 1 and 2 and vein were studied using ImageJ software. From the results, the mean differences of above parameters of hypertensive UCs were found to be lesser than control and it was significantly higher in cases of severe preeclampsia (P≤0.05). From the present study, we conclude hypertensive cords and its vessels are associated with significant structural changes. Since it is a global health issue it is important to know the factors contributing it to diagnose and prevent. Increased food consumption rich in fat and carbohydrate and sedentary lifestyle have seriously increased the rates of obesity and obesity-associated diseases in developed countries. Female mice with diet-induced obesity exhibit infertility and thus can serve as a model for human polycystic ovary syndrome. The aim of the present study was to examine how ovary is affected by diet-induced obesity. The effects of high-fat diet (HFD) on ovary morphology in mice fed with HFD were investigated using unbiased stereological methods. The ovary of mice fed with HFD (n=8, C1090-60, Altromine) for 9 weeks, were compared with that of mice fed with standard chow diet (n=8, C1090-10, Altromine). Stereological parameters were obtained in diestrus cycle. The samples were processed through routine and standard paraffin embedding and were serially sectioned in 5-µm thickness then, every 10th section was saved, stained with Crossman's triple stain for counting and measuring. In all sampled sections mean follicle numbers, diameters, total ovarian volume cortex to medulla ratio (Vv), ovum to cell ratio in secondary follicle were examined in all sampled sections. The present results showed that weight of ovarian and amount of intraperitoneal adipose tissue and the body weight markedly increased in obese mice when compared with control groups. Moreover, follicle numbers (except primordial follicles) and diameters were significantly increased in obese mice. Cortex to medulla ratio (Vv) and ovum to cell ratio in secondary follicle were also considerably different between experimental and the control groups. The present findings indicate that obesity adversely affects overall ovarian morphology. Learning anatomy is commonly facilitated by use of cadavers, plastic models and more recently three-dimensional printed (3DP) anatomical models as they allow students to physically touch and hold the body segments. However, most existing models are limited to surface features of the specimen, with little opportunity to manipulate the structures. There is much interest in developing better 3DP models suitable for anatomy education. This study aims to determine the feasibility of developing a multi-material 3DP heart model, and to evaluate students' perceptions of the model. Semi-automated segmentation was performed on computed tomgoraphy plastinated heart images to develop its 3D digital heart model. Material jetting was used as part of the 3D printing process so that various colors and textures could be assigned to the individual segments of the model. Morphometric analysis was conducted to quantify the differences between the printed model and the plastinated heart. Medical students' opinions were sought using a 5-point Likert scale. The 3DP full heart was anatomically accurate, pliable and compressible to touch. The major vessels of the heart were color-coded for easy recognition. Morphometric analysis of the printed model was comparable with the plastinated heart. Students were positive about the quality of the model and the majority of them reported that the model was useful for their learning and that they would recommend their use for anatomical education. The successful feasibility study and students' positive views suggest that the development of multi-material 3DP models is promising for medical education. Eponyms have been part of medical language for many centuries, have put down powerful cultural roots, and continue to be used mainly in the language of medical specialties. The problem with eponymy is that it does not provide any relevant information about what is being studied, which hinders learning and generates communication problems. Ten oral presentations were randomly evaluated, as were all poster presentations made at the II Peruvian Congress on Morphological Sciences and the XV Ibero-Latin American Symposium on Anatomical, Histological, and Embryological Terminology, held in March of 2018 in Lima, Peru. This was done in order to quantify eponym use. Of the 10 oral presentations randomly selected, the eponym use was identified in six (60%). Of the 33 poster presentations made, six (18.18%) used eponyms. In conclusion, eponyms continue to be used indiscriminately in the language of the morphological sciences.