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Auditory brainstem implantation is a hearing restoration technique on the central auditory pathway, which directly stimulates neural tissues of cochlear nucleus by electrode array to produce hearing, so it will not be restricted by abnormalities of the cochlea and cochlear nerve. In the past 30 years since the birth of multi-channel ABI, its indications have expanded from patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) to congenital deafness patients with severe inner ear and/or cochlear nerve malformations, and the age of recipients decreases from adults to young children. This article summarizes the principle, indications, surgical techniques, complications and auditory outcomes of ABI.Cochlear implantation is currently the most effective treatment for patients with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. How to achieve minimally invasive treatment, preserve the residual hearing, and further improve curative effect and reduce surgical complications is the goal of cochlear implantation practice. This article introduces the minimally invasive cochlear implantation technique in terms of the idea of minimally invasive operation, the advantages of electric acoustic stimulation, the key points of electrode implantation technique, the design of surgical incision, and the precise processing of perioperative period. This technique not only has the merits of less operative damage and better hearing and speech rehabilitation after surgery, but also reserves favorable structures and function for the future application of gene therapy and hair cell regeneration technique. Therefore, it is strongly recommended for further promotion in clinical practice.

Down syndrome (DS) or trisomy 21, brings together some unique aspects from clinical pediatrics. Among the hematological disorders present in DS, by far the most important is the predisposition for developing acute leukemia. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of DS has a preleukemic state with the onset in the neonatal period, rarely symptomatic but with the presence of blasts in peripheral blood smear and apparently a spontaneous remission. The unique tumor profile of DS underlines the importance of chromosome 21 in hematopoiesis and it can help understanding leukemogenesis in general. The purpose of this study was to present the very rare cases with DS and transient leukemia and/or acute leukemia that were found in a nationwide survey of Romania, in three centers of pediatric hematology and oncology.

A nationwide analysis of the very rare cases of transient leukemia of DS are described, involving the three major pediatric hematology centers of Romania Cluj Napoca, Bucharest and Timisoara. Data analysis was per importance of diagnosing hematological disorders in children with DS, especially neonates, even if they are asymptomatic.

To compare the accuracy of two separate models when calculating dose distributions in patients undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment for brain cancer.

For this comparison, two dose calculation algorithms were evaluated on two different treatment planning systems (TPS) Elekta's Monaco Version 5.11.00 Monte Carlo Gold Standard XVMC algorithm and Brainlab's iPlan Pencil Beam algorithm. The DICOM files of 11 patients with a total of 19 targets were exported from iPlan and then imported into Monaco to be recalculated. Using the dose distributions of the original (pencil beam/PB) and recalculated (Monte Carlo/MC) plans, four indices for plan quality were evaluated coverage (Q), conformity index (CIRTOG), homogeneity index (HI), and gradient index (GI).

There was a significant difference in the CIRTOG and HI between the two TPS calculations. However, the magnitude of these differences is often not substantial enough to cause the plan to fall outside of RTOG protocol deviation limits. Only 3 of the 19 targets had CIRTOG values which moved to a new level of deviation, and these targets were unique in terms of size (<0.1 cm3).

It was found that the difference between systems is often not enough to cause the plan to fall outside of RTOG protocol deviation limits. This is an indication that a PB-based treatment planning system is sufficient for the mostly homogeneous conditions of intracranial SRS planning when the target is larger than 0.1 cm3. If below 0.1 cm3, the prescribing physician may need to evaluate TPS differences.

It was found that the difference between systems is often not enough to cause the plan to fall outside of RTOG protocol deviation limits. This is an indication that a PB-based treatment planning system is sufficient for the mostly homogeneous conditions of intracranial SRS planning when the target is larger than 0.1 cm3. If below 0.1 cm3, the prescribing physician may need to evaluate TPS differences.

PIWIL2, one of the PIWI gene subfamily, is now thought to be closely related to poor clinical outcomes in various cancers. The aim of this research was to comprehensively estimate its predictive value in the prognosis of cancer patients.

We thoroughly searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase databases for eligible articles published until April 4th 2019, in which the association between cancer prognosis and PIWIL2 expression level was studied. Study qualities were assessed using NOS criteria. We performed analyses by Stata SE 12.0 and RevMan 5.3. The primary endpoints contained overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), metastasis-free survival (MFS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

Ten studies containing 2116 patients with 8 various solid cancers were finally included. The outcomes indicated that cancer patients with higher PIWIL2 expression level had significant shorter OS (HR2.20, 95%CI1.25-3.88, p=0.006), DFS/RFS/MFS (HR2.96, 95%CI1.68-5.23, p<0.001), CSS (HR 2.12, 95%CI 1.40-3.23, p<0.001) than cancer patients with lower PIWIL2 expression level. What's more, PIWIL2 over-expression was significantly correlated to more lymph node metastasis (LNM) (OR1.61, 95%CI1.28-2.02, p<0.001). And PIWIL2 expression was not significantly correlated with age, gender, differentiation, tumor invasion, tumor size, TNM stage and distant metastasis (DM).

A higher expression level of PIWIL2 may predict a poorer prognosis of cancer patients. And its prognostic values are not significantly influenced by clinicopathological characters. Therefore, PIWIL2 could serve as a personalized prognostic predictor in cancers in the future.

A higher expression level of PIWIL2 may predict a poorer prognosis of cancer patients. And its prognostic values are not significantly influenced by clinicopathological characters. Therefore, PIWIL2 could serve as a personalized prognostic predictor in cancers in the future.

To compare and analyze the efficacy and safety of transurethral partial cystectomy with 2.0 μm laser and transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) in treating patients with superficial bladder cancer.

The clinical data of 130 patients with superficial bladder cancer were divided into two groups based on different treatments, with 65 patients in each group, and treated with transurethral partial cystectomy with 2.0 μm laser and TURBT separately. Then, operation conditions such as intraoperative blood loss, operation time, in-dwelling time of urinary catheter and length of hospital stay were recorded and compared between the two groups. Finally, the tumor recurrence in the patients was followed up and recorded.

The operation time (p<0.001) and length of hospital stay (p=0.013) were remarkably shorter, and the intraoperative blood loss (p<0.001) was notably smaller in laser group than those in TURBT group. Laser group had an evidently lower total incidence rate of complications than TURBT grousuperficial bladder cancer can significantly reduce the operation time and intraoperative blood loss, improve the operative effect, induce fewer postoperative complications and cause milder body injury and inflammatory response at the same time, which is worthy of clinical promotion.

To explore the effects of WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene methylation on proliferation and apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells.

A total of 51 patients with osteosarcoma confirmed by pathological examinations were enrolled as the observation group, while 49 cases with non-osteosarcoma diagnosed and treated in our hospital were randomly selected as the control group. Osteosarcoma cell lines MG63 and HOS were selected as observation group, while those added with methylation inhibitor were set as control group, of which genomic methylation level was determined via HPLC. Proliferation of the two cell lines was compared via cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay at 12 h, 24 h, 36 h and 48 h. Invasion rate of cells in each group was tested via Transwell assay at 24 h.

The average methylation rate of WWOX gene was remarkably higher in osteosarcoma tissues in comparison with normal adjacent tissues and control group (p<0.05). A higher methylation rate was found in MG63 cell line compared with in HOS cell line (p<0.05). More cells were observed in MG63 cell line than in HOS cell line and control group from 24h (p<0.05). Besides, 24-h invasion rate was higher in MG63 cell line than in HOS cell line and control group (p<0.05). Moreover, MG63 cell line prompted a lower 24-h apoptotic rate in comparison with HOS cell line and control group (p<0.05).

Methylation level of WWOX gene is intimately associated with the occurrence and progression of osteosarcoma, which is able to promote the proliferation of cancer cells to a certain extent, thus accelerating the development of disease.

Methylation level of WWOX gene is intimately associated with the occurrence and progression of osteosarcoma, which is able to promote the proliferation of cancer cells to a certain extent, thus accelerating the development of disease.

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in cutaneous malignant melanoma are classified as brisk, non-brisk or absent. Numerous studies suggest the presence of TILs, especially brisk, are associated with a lower rate of lymph node metastasis and with an improved overall survival (OS). Our purpose was to assess the value of TILs as a prognostic factor for the lymph node metastasis and survival in completely resected pT3 stage malignant melanoma patients.

We included a number of 114 patients with pathological pT3 cutaneous malignant melanoma, treated exclusively in our institution, between 2000-2015. Correlations of clinical and pathological factors with lymph node status and OS were analyzed.

A brisk infiltrate was present in 60% of the patients, whereas 40% presented a non-brisk infiltrate or absent TILs. In univariate analysis, the presence of ulceration was correlated with a non-brisk infiltrate, whereas in multivariate analysis, lymph node invasion and a non-brisk infiltrate were associated with a higher risk of death.

TILs density grade represents an independent prognostic factor for the OS. Therefore, we conclude that an accurate prognosis may be provided by TILs status in patients with pT3 malignant melanoma.

TILs density grade represents an independent prognostic factor for the OS. Therefore, we conclude that an accurate prognosis may be provided by TILs status in patients with pT3 malignant melanoma.