Sandersaldridge4611

The persistence and transformation of water soluble chemical constituents derived from surface oil from the 2015 Refugio Oil Spill and from a nearby natural seep were evaluated under simulated sunlight conditions. Photoirradiation resulted in enhanced oil slick dissolution, which was more pronounced in spill oil compared to seep oil. Nontargeted analysis based on GC × GC/TOF-MS revealed that photoirradiation promoted oil slick dissolution, and more water soluble compounds were released from spill oil (500 compounds) than from seep oil (180 compounds), most of them (488 in spill oil and 150 in seep oil) still persisting in solution after 67 days of photoirradiation. First-order degradation rate coefficients of humic-like water soluble constituents were found to be 0.26 day-1 and 0.29 day-1 for irradiated spill and seep samples, respectively. The decreases in humic-like fluorescence, specific UV absorbance, and aromatic compounds without corresponding decreases in DOC concentration support indirect photochemical transformation in addition to complete photomineralization.In this study, metal compositions in anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) sampled from 11 different sites representing Turkey, Georgia, and Abkhazia coasts of the Black Sea were investigated. For this purpose, micro (Al, Zn, Mn, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Cd, Pb, Se, As, and Hg) and macro (K, Ca, Na, Mg, P) element content in edible muscle tissue of anchovy were determined. In addition, the potential risks associated with human consumption of the samples were evaluated using quality indices such as estimated weekly intake (EWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and total exposure hazard index (HI). The results showed that the potassium (K) concentration was the highest in edible tissue of the anchovies from all stations. Anchovies were also found to be rich in phosphorus and calcium. When the metal content of anchovies was compared, there were statistically variations among metal concentrations (except for Co, Ni, Cu, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Hg) in the muscle tissue of anchovies according to the stations (P less then 0.05). The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cr in anchovy were found below the maximum permissible values determined by various national and international organizations for seafood. Besides, when the samples were examined in terms of EWI, THQ, and HI quality indices, it was determined that anchovy consumption did not pose a potential hazard to human health for the consumption of the anchovy. The present study conclusively indicated that no health problem can be raised from human consumption of the examined commercial anchovy along the Turkey, Georgia, and Abkhazia coasts of the Black Sea.This study investigates a novel hybrid configuration of an osmotic membrane bioreactor-clarifier (OMBRC) to achieve the simultaneous reduction of salt accumulation and membrane fouling. Compared with the conventional OMBR, the OMBRC demonstrated 14 times lower conductivity after 40 d of operation, achieving maximum values exceeding 25,000 and 1800 μS/cm, respectively. The average water flux and flux recovery were approximately 3 and 6 times higher in the OMBRC than in the OMBR, respectively. The ammonium, total organic carbon, and total nitrogen removals of the combined system were measured to be 15%, 11% and 7% higher in the hybrid OMBRC process than in the OMBR, respectively. The hybrid process also reduced the foulant layer thickness in this system to only 15 μm compared with 28 μm in the OMBR. An artificial intelligence-based model was successfully developed for long-term prediction, indicating that the advantages afforded by the hybrid OMBRC can be maintained over long periods of operation with 22 times lower conductivity and 5 times higher water flux compared with the OMBR. A longer lifespan of FO membrane is also predicted in the OMBRC compared to that in the OMBR with the replacements are recommended at 100th and 40th day, respectively.Hydrogen peroxide activation by pyrite for degradation of recalcitrant contaminants receives increasing attention. CPI-203 The improvement of catalytic efficiency of natural pyrite is still a challenging issue. This work provides a novel strategy of enhancing catalytic efficiency via pre-reaction between pyrite and hydrogen peroxide. Effects of process factors including pre-reaction time, hydrogen peroxide, solution pH and initial dye concentration were examined. Natural pyrite with low purity was characterized by Raman, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Reaction kinetic verifies tremendous improvement of the reaction rate through pre-reaction. Enhanced dye degradation is ascribed to hydroxyl radical production promoted by self-regulation of pH, Fe2+ releasing and Fe2+/Fe3+ cycle. The plausible mechanism was proposed based on multiple determinations. Dye degradation in different water matrix was efficiently obtained, as well as multicomponent dyes. Additionally, broad operation pH and good reusing performance make the developed process highly attractive for application. This work provides a solid step-forward of pyrite/hydrogen peroxide Fenton process for treatment of recalcitrant contaminants in wastewater.Triclosan (TCS) is a common anti-microbial ingredient in pharmaceutical and personal care products. The usage of TCS was banned by the United States Food and Drug Administration (in 2016) due to its potential health risks. However, TCS has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment. Therefore, it is vital to design low-cost and highly efficient photocatalysts to enhance TCS's photocatalytic degradation in wastewater treatment to eliminate its toxicity to environmental health. In this study, we developed a highly efficient catalyst by incorporating lignin nanorods (LNRs) into graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) nanomaterials as green LNRs/GCN-based nanocomposite photocatalysts for the effective degradation of TCS in waters. LNRs/GCN nanosheets (NSs) and LNRs/GCN-NRs based nanocomposite materials were prepared using a simple wet-impregnation method. The surface morphology and optical properties of as-synthesized materials were well-characterized using FE-SEM, XRD, XPS, and UV-DRS. The photocatalyst (LNRs/GCN-NRs) material showed maximum TCS degradation efficiency of 99.