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6% of the students and in only 4.7% in the range of moderate and severe deficits, based on the urinary iodine index. Conclusion Iodine is sufficient in most parts of the country. The implementation of the country's national program for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders has made more important the quality control of the collaborative laboratories of this program than before. Moreover, it is absolutely essential to avoid excessive iodine in order to prevent possible side effects.Background After cellulose, chitin is one of the most important polymers in crustaceans, insects, and fungi. Chitosan is one of the most important derivatives of chitin, which has important characteristics including degradability, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Methods Chitosan was extracted from Penaeus semisulcatus shrimp using chemical methods and the degree of its austenitization was determined using a sub-red spectrophotometer and XRD. The nanoparticles were then synthesized using the ionic gelation method and analyzed through SEM. The antimicrobial effects of nanoparticles were also evaluated using antimicrobial tests on Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhi. Results Nanoparticles have antimicrobial activity and can inhibit bacterial growth at different concentrations. Conclusion Chitosan nanoparticles have an inhibitory effect on Listeria monocytogenes, which is a gram-positive bacterium.Background Although the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome has been widely studied in the adult population, little is known about it in children and adolescents especially in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents in Yazd Greater Area, Iran; over the period of 2016-2017. Methods This study was part of a larger national study with a cross-sectional design. Using multistage cluster random sampling method, 1035 children, and adolescents of both sexes aged 6-18 yr were randomly selected from rural and urban districts in Yazd Greater Area, Iran. Components of metabolic syndrome, and anthropometry measured in the standard situation. Results The prevalence of abdominal obesity in children 6-10 yr old was 13.2% in boys versus 24.7% in girls. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria in adolescents aged 10-18 yr old was 7.6% (9.4% in boys). The most prevalent metabolic syndrome components were low HDL-cholesterol (56.2%) and abdominal obesity (27.8%). Conclusion Comparatively, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Yazd is high. Low HDL-cholesterol levels and abdominal obesity were the most common component, and family history of heart disease, BMI, and male gender were the main determinants of metabolic syndrome in adolescents.Background This study aimed to identify the prevalence and potential factors associated with Entamoeba gingivalis in adolescents in the city of Kerman, southeastern Iran, 2017. Methods In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 315 adolescents (mean age; 15 yr) consisting of 189 males and 126 females were randomly selected. For each adolescent, two specimens were collected for culturing and examination by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to explore any association with demographic and clinical variables. Results The prevalence of E. gingivalis was 11.7%. Totally, 30 (15.9%) males and 7 (5.6%) females were infected with E. gingivalis. The rate of infection in males was 2.8 times higher than that in females (P less then 0.001). Statistical analysis identified 4 major factors including sex (OR=4.12, P less then 0.001), gingival index with severe inflammation (OR = 50, P less then 0.001), Candida spp. infection (OR=4.41, P less then 0.001) and decay-missing-filled teeth [DMFT (OR=3.27, P less then 0.001)]. In contrast to the aforementioned factors, adolescents with history of antibiotic consumption were significantly protected from E. gingivalis infection (OR= 3.24, P less then 0.001). Culture media detected 9.2% (n= 29), whilst PCR identified 11.4% (n= 36) of infection. Conclusion The present findings clearly demonstrate a positive association between E. gingivalis and distinct demographic and clinical risk determinants. Therefore, dental practitioners and health surveillance personnel should be aware of these confounding factors to rigorously detect and critically manage oral health issues in school-age children in order to prevent or at least minimize the eventual periodontal complications in later life.Background Survival time is one of the indicators used for evaluation of the quality of care in different types of malignancies, including breast cancer. The present study aimed to estimate the survival rate of breast cancer and its related factors among Iranian patients. Methods Overall, 3148 cases of breast cancer who referred to the Cancer Research Center in Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran during 1994-2017 participated in this longitudinal study. Survival estimates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Bayesian generalized Birnbaum-Saunders model with cure rate from geometric distribution. Clinical, pathological, and biological variables as potential prognostic factors were entered in univariate and multivariate analyses.In order to identify the significant prognostic factors, 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals were used. Results The overall 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25-year survival rate were 95%, 75%, 60%, 47%, 46% and 46%, respectively. A significant relation was observed between survival time and the variables such as age, size of tumor, number of lymph nodes, stage, histological grade, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and lymphovascular invasion. Conclusion The findings of this study might help the health managers to plan long-term programs considering regional determinants, public education, and screening for early detection of breast cancer cases which can eventually influence the overall survival rate of these patients.Background This study was conducted to evaluate the success rate of male infertility treatment and the factors affecting its outcome. Methods In a historical cohort study, from Mar 2013 to Mar 2014, 323 couples with male factor were investigated. Couples had treated with IUI or/and ICSI were included randomly. Assisted reproduction technology (ART) outcome (treatment success) was defined as a live birth. Age, duration of infertility, type of infertility, treatment history and clinical examination results were investigated. The logistic regression and survival analysis were applied. Results The average of men age, duration of infertility and BMI were 33.5, 4.7 (yr) and 26.6 (kg/m2) respectively. 87.9% of men have primary infertility and average duration of treatment was 14.1(month). Previous treatment, type of infertility, treatment method, man's BMI, normality of sperm and sperm head were important variable that affecting outcome. The rate of live birth in the first attempt was 29.7%, and 44.9% of the couples succeeded to give live birth after several treatment cycles. Couples who had no previous history of treatment were 8.5 times more successful in live birth. The Cox analysis showed that "BMI of man" and percentage of "Sperm with normal head" are predictors that had a significant effect on live birth. Conclusion Live birth in the first treatment cycles was influenced by four variables but two other variable were affecting several treatment cycles outcome. The chances of successful treatment were higher with taking into account the length of time and having live birth was determined as 78% for five years of continuous treatment.Background To investigate any subject, a scholar needs a suitable instrument to collect the required information with the utmost accuracy and the least amount of error. Therefore, this study aimed at designing and conducting a psychometric analysis of an assessment instrument for innovation capabilities of Medical Sciences Universities using the Cube Model Approach. Methods This study began by searching in questionnaires in the fields of input and process, considering innovation outcomes. Accordingly, a preliminary questionnaire was developed, and in the second stage, to determine the validity of the designed instrument, the face validity, content validity, and construct validity of the instrument were approved, and in the third stage, using Cronbach's alpha, its reliability was assessed. At first 200 phrases were obtained, finally, 25 questions were initially approved in three areas of structure (input), innovation processes, and output. All the phrases were retained in the face validity and content validity carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. Results Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed on 25 items, and finally the terms were set in six factors. These factors explained 53.19% of the total variance. The rotated factor loading for all questions was obtained more than 0.3, and therefore, no questions were eliminated. Calculation of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient confirmed the high internal consistency of the questionnaire (0.762). Conclusion This instrument was designed for the first time in the context of Iranian academic culture and seems to be a suitable instrument for the assessment of innovation capabilities, considering its adequate validity and reliability, simplicity, and practicality.Background High-risk (HR) Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are known as the main factors implicated in the pathogenesis of cervical preinvasive and invasive lesions. Therefore, the presence or absence of HR-HPV can be followed for the prognosis of low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Since the overexpression of p16INK4a protein depends on the presence of transcriptionally-active HPV, and due to its availability and simple interpretation, it may be considered as a proper marker to diagnose cervical cancer. Methods An immunohistochemical analysis of p16INK4a was performed in 72 cervical tissue specimens at Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from 2016 to 2018. The performance parameters were calculated and compared using receiving operating characteristics curve (ROC) details. Results p16INK4a is significantly up-regulated in the cervical cancer samples in comparison with that in normal samples. Moreover, the ROC data showed the potential ability of p16INK4a under determined conditions as a diagnostic marker for CIN 2-3 staging and invasive cervical cancer. The molecular typing disclosed the attendance of HPV DNA in 44.4% of cases (32/72) with a predominance of HPV type 16. Conclusion The molecular biomarker p16INK4a can be a good candidate for the early diagnosis and prognosis of cervical cancer in HPV-infected patients. Considering the increase in the expression level of p16INK4a in cancer and precancer tissues, p16INK4a may be used for early detection of cervical cancer.Background To investigate the expression of microRNA-29c (miR-29c) in glioma and its effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 76 glioma patients in People's Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China from May 2013 to June 2017 (experimental group) and 63 healthy subjects in the same period (control group). qRT-PCR was used to detect the miR-29c expression. Changes of serum miR-29c expression level and the correlation of miR-29c of glioma patients with the degree of tumor differentiation and pathological type were observed. Cells were grouped before transfection into blank group (no transfection), negative control group (transfected with miRNA NC) and experimental group (transfected with miR-29c mimics). CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation, flow cytometry to detect apoptosis. Results Expression of miR-29c in serum was significantly lower in experimental group than that in control group (P less then 0.05). The expression level of miR-29c of glioma patients increased with the degree of tumor differentiation (P less then 0.