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985) and cut-off score of 18 was suggested which showed a good sensitivity (0.984) and specificity (0.826) as well as excellent values for the positive and negative prediction values within all groups using the CIS as golden standard. Factor analysis showed a one factor solution (Eigenvalue 3.095) with factor loadings of all items on the factor being greater than 0.87.

The SFQ is an easy to use, reliable and valid instrument to screen for severe fatigue in clinical routine and research.

The SFQ is an easy to use, reliable and valid instrument to screen for severe fatigue in clinical routine and research.Bed rest is necessary for many medical conditions but also used as a ground-based model for space flight (along with head-down tilt to simulate fluid shifts in microgravity). The purpose of this review is to examine nutritional interventions during bed rest and spaceflight for prevention of muscle and strength loss, glucose intolerance, bone resorption, and cardiovascular problems. Increased dietary protein intake and supplementation with amino acids, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, or cofactors with antioxidant properties are effective for ameliorating bed rest-induced loss of muscle mass and strength. Previous literature involving bed rest with dietary protein/amino acid supplementation had mixed findings, likely due to differences in dosage. Although high protein intake in some studies prevents bed rest-induced muscle loss, it also increases bone resorption. High calcium intake and vitamin D supplementation are not beneficial for preventing bone degradation during bed rest or spaceflight. Very few studies investigated countermeasures to prevent glucose intolerance and cardiovascular risks during bed rest/spaceflight. Low-glycemic index diets might be beneficial for the prevention of bed rest-induced glucose intolerance and cardiovascular problems. The present evidence warrants additional studies on the exact threshold of protein/amino acid intake to prevent the loss of muscle mass and strength during bed rest/spaceflight specifically to maintain the beneficial effects of proteins on muscle mass and function without increasing bone resorption. Furthermore, it is suggested to study the effects of vitamin K supplementation on bone health during bed rest/spaceflight and determine the role of long-term low-glycemic index diets on glucose regulation and cardiovascular health during extended bed rest.Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) oil (SI) is appreciated for its nutritional and sensorial characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate SI changes during French fries deep-frying at 170 °C or 180 °C up to 119 and 50 min, respectively; commercial soybean oil (SO) was tested as control. SI had high α-linolenic acid (53.8%), linoleic acid (33.4%) and total tocopherols (2540.1 mg/kg). During frying tocopherol content, oil stability and antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH) decreased following zero-order kinetics; γ-tocopherol showed the strongest decrease. Notwithstanding the high SI unsaturation and the commercial antioxidant (TBHQ) in SO, SI showed slightly higher or similar hydrolysis (free fatty acids and diacylglycerols), similar primary (K232, oxidized-triacylglycerols) and lower secondary (K268, triacylglycerol oligopolymers) oxidation. Because of the high tocopherol content, SI showed lower degradation than SO. Thus, SI is suitable for short-term deep-frying; additionally, it may enhance the nutritional value and the flavour of fried foods.As the important compounds in black garlic, the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of melanoidin (MLD) were investigated in this study. The results showed that MLD possessed strong metal-ion chelating capacity and radical scavenging activities which were positively correlative with molecular weight (MW). During the simulated digestion in vitro, the ultraviolet absorption, browning degree and MW distribution of MLD remained the same as initial. It proved that the MLD from black garlic could be indigestible like the dietary fiber with little loss of volatile compounds and polysaccharides. Remarkably, the bioactivities of MLD were reduced significantly under the treatment of α-amylase or hydrochloric acid, while they were stable and retained over 60% after adding pepsin and pancreatin. This study provides fundamental evidences for further research and widely application of MLD and black garlic in the production of functional food or food additives.Wine quality and character are defined in part by the terroir in which the grapes are grown. Metabolomic techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), are used to characterise wines and to detect wine fraud in other countries but have not been extensively trialled in Australia. This paper describes the use of ICP-MS and NMR to characterise a selection of Pinot noir wines. Wines from varying terroirs could be somewhat distinguished by their mineral content using principal component analysis (PCA). PCA was able to separate wines by their Australian states more clearly than by region. Metabolomic analysis of the wines using NMR did not find any correlations with climate/daytime temperatures, or region. An analysis of coinertia suggested that the two datasets were not redundant, and it is proposed that ICP-MS data is the most useful for determining regionality.The present study aims at developing an analytical methodology which allows correlating sensory poles of chocolate to their chemical characteristics and, eventually, to those of the cocoa beans used for its preparation. CFTR activator Trained panelists investigated several samples of chocolate, and they divided them into four sensorial poles (characterized by 36 different descriptors) attributable to chocolate flavor. The same samples were analyzed by six different techniques Proton Transfer Reaction-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS), Solid Phase Micro Extraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (SPME-GC-MS), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (for the quantification of eight organic acids), Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled to triple-quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) for polyphenol quantification, 3D front face fluorescence Spectroscopy and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). A multi-block classification approach (Sequential and Orthogonalized-Partial Least Squares - SO-PLS) has been used, in order to exploit the chemical information to predict the sensorial poles of samples.