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Available 3DO devices for quantifying anthropometric dimensions in adults vary in applicability in young children according to instrument design. These findings suggest the need for 3DO devices designed specifically for small and/or young children.

Available 3DO devices for quantifying anthropometric dimensions in adults vary in applicability in young children according to instrument design. These findings suggest the need for 3DO devices designed specifically for small and/or young children.

Identify clinical, sociodemographic, and nutritional predictors of hospital readmission within 30 days.

A longitudinal study was conducted with patients hospitalised at a public institution in Recife, Brazil. Sociodemographic (age, sex, race, and place of residence), clinical (diagnosis, comorbidities, medications, polypharmacy, hospital outcome, hospital stay, and occurrence of readmission within 30 days), and nutritional (% of weight loss, body mass index, arm circumference [AC], and calf circumference [CC]) characteristics were collected from the nutritional assessment files and patient charts. Nutritional risk was determined using the 2002 Nutritional Risk Screening tool and the diagnosis of malnutrition was based on the GLIM criteria.

The sample was composed of 252 patients, 58 (23.0%; CI

17.2-28.8%) of whom were readmitted within 30 days after discharge from hospital, 135 (53.5%; CI

46.7-60.5%) were at nutritional risk and 107 (42.4%; CI

35.6-49.3%) were malnourished. In the bivariate analysis, polypharmacy, nutritional risk, malnutrition, low AC, and low CC were associated with readmission. In the multivariate analysis, low CC was considered an independent risk factor, increasing the likelihood of hospital readmission nearly fourfold. In contrast, the absence of polypharmacy was a protective favour, reducing the likelihood of readmission by 81%.

The use of six medications or more and low calf circumference are risk factors for hospital readmission within 30 days after discharge.

The use of six medications or more and low calf circumference are risk factors for hospital readmission within 30 days after discharge.

Intermittent energy restriction (IER) may overcome poor long-term adherence with continuous energy restriction (CER), for weight reduction. We compared the effects of IER with CER for fasting and postprandial metabolism and appetite in metabolically healthy participants, in whom excess weight would not confound intrinsic metabolic differences.

In a 2-week randomised, parallel trial, 16 young, healthy-weight participants were assigned to either CER (20% below estimated energy requirements (EER)) or 52 IER (70% below EER on 2 non-consecutive days; 5 days at EER, per week). Metabolic and appetite regulation markers were assessed before and for 3 h after a liquid breakfast; followed by an ad libitum lunch; pre- and post-intervention.

Weight loss was similar in both groups -2.5 (95% CI, -3.4, -1.6) kg for 52 IER vs. -2.3 (-2.9, -1.7) kg for CER. There were no differences between groups for postprandial incremental area under the curve for serum insulin, blood glucose or subjective appetite ratings. Compared with CER, 52 IER led to a reduction in fasting blood glucose concentrations (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.018, η



 = 0.14). Similarly, compared with CER, there were beneficial changes in fasting composite appetite scores after 52 IER (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.0003, η



 = 0.35).

There were no significant differences in postprandial insulinaemic, glycaemic or appetite responses between treatments. However, 52 IER resulted in greater improvements in fasting blood glucose, and beneficial changes in fasting subjective appetite ratings.

There were no significant differences in postprandial insulinaemic, glycaemic or appetite responses between treatments. However, 52 IER resulted in greater improvements in fasting blood glucose, and beneficial changes in fasting subjective appetite ratings.

Women with gestational diabetes (GDM) are advised to adapt a low glycaemic index (GI) diet, which may impact consumption of low-calorie sweeteners (LCS). LCS are increasingly popular as they add sweetness without contributing calories. This study aims to investigate the reported intakes of LCS-containing foods in women during pregnancy.

Pregnant women recruited for the ROLO study were included in this analysis (n = 571). Women were randomised to receive either an intervention of low-GI dietary advice or usual antenatal care. selleck compound Women completed a 3-day food diary in each trimester. Nine LCS-containing food groups were identified, and the quantity (g/day) consumed was calculated.

One-third of all pregnant women consumed LCS across each trimester of pregnancy. Of those in the intervention group who were LCS consumers in trimester 1, 71.6% were consumers in trimester 2, and 54.1% remained consumers in trimester 3. In the control group, less women remained consumers in trimester 2 and 3 at 58.1% and 41.9%, respectively. In trimester 2, following the dietary intervention, the proportion of LCS consumers in the intervention group was significantly higher than the proportion of consumers who were in the control group (p < 0.001). The most commonly consumed food groups were low-calorie fruit drinks, diet-cola drinks, and low-calorie yoghurts.

One-third of pregnant women consumed LCS. The proportion of LCS consumers increased in the intervention group compared to the control group. Further research is needed to determine exposure levels to individual LCS, and the effect of prenatal exposure to LCS on maternal and child health outcomes.

One-third of pregnant women consumed LCS. The proportion of LCS consumers increased in the intervention group compared to the control group. Further research is needed to determine exposure levels to individual LCS, and the effect of prenatal exposure to LCS on maternal and child health outcomes.Exercise and low-calorie diets are common approaches taken to produce an energy deficit for weight loss in obesity. Changes in visceral and abdominal subcutaneous fat associated with weight loss are important questions but have not yet been concluded. We investigated the relationship between changes in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) areas obtained by abdominal imaging with the change in total body fat. The relevant databases were searched through January 2021 according to the PRISMA guidelines. Sixty-five studies were included. We found that the change in total body fat was associated with changes in both VAT and abdominal SAT areas, but the relationship between total body fat and the abdominal SAT area appeared stronger. Baseline values of VAT and abdominal SAT area were similar in the three treatment groups (calorie restriction, calorie restriction plus exercise, and exercise alone). The reduction in abdominal SAT area for a loss of 1 kg of total body fat was about 10 cm2, which was similar among all the treatments. The change in VAT area (-26.3 cm2) was a similar level as the change in abdominal SAT area (-31.5 cm2) in the exercise, whereas in the calorie restriction with and without exercise, the change in VAT area (-33.6 and -51.6 cm2, respectively) was approximately half of the reduction of SAT area (-65.1 and -87.2 cm2, respectively). Absolute changes in VAT and abdominal SAT areas might differ between interventions for the exercise and calorie restriction with and without exercise.

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with hypothalamic dysfunction due to deficiency of imprinted genes located on the 15q11-q13 chromosome. Among them, the SNORD116 gene appears critical for the expression of the PWS phenotype. We aimed to clarify the role of SNORD116 in cellular and animal models with regard to growth hormone therapy (GHT), the main approved treatment for PWS.

We collected serum and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from GH-treated PWS patients to differentiate into dopaminergic neurons, and in parallel used a Snord116 knockout mouse model. We analyzed the expression of factors potentially linked to GH responsiveness.

We found elevated levels of circulating IGFBP7 in naive PWS patients, with IGFBP7 levels normalizing under GHT. We found elevated IGFBP7 levels in the brains of Snord116 knockout mice and in iPSC-derived neurons from a SNORD116-deleted PWS patient. High circulating levels of IGFBP7 in PWS patients may result from both increased IGFBP7 expression and decreased IGFBP7 cleavage, by downregulation of the proconvertase PC1.

SNORD116 deletion affects IGFBP7 levels, while IGFBP7 decreases under GHT in PWS patients. Modulation of the IGFBP7 level, which interacts with IGF1, has implications in the pathophysiology and management of PWS under GHT.

SNORD116 deletion affects IGFBP7 levels, while IGFBP7 decreases under GHT in PWS patients. Modulation of the IGFBP7 level, which interacts with IGF1, has implications in the pathophysiology and management of PWS under GHT.

Diseases caused by defects in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance machinery, leading to mtDNA deletions, form a specific group of disorders. However, mtDNA deletions also appear during aging, interfering with those resulting from mitochondrial disorders.

Here, using next-generation sequencing (NGS) data processed by eKLIPse and data mining, we established criteria distinguishing age-related mtDNA rearrangements from those due to mtDNA maintenance defects. MtDNA deletion profiles from muscle and urine patient samples carrying pathogenic variants in nuclear genes involved in mtDNA maintenance (n = 40) were compared with age-matched controls (n = 90). Seventeen additional patient samples were used to validate the data mining model.

Overall, deletion number, heteroplasmy level, deletion locations, and the presence of repeats at deletion breakpoints were significantly different between patients and controls, especially in muscle samples. The deletion number was significantly relevant in adults, while breakpoint repeat lengths surrounding deletions were discriminant in young subjects.

Altogether, eKLIPse analysis is a powerful tool for measuring the accumulation of mtDNA deletions between patients of different ages, as well as in prioritizing novel variants in genes involved in mtDNA stability.

Altogether, eKLIPse analysis is a powerful tool for measuring the accumulation of mtDNA deletions between patients of different ages, as well as in prioritizing novel variants in genes involved in mtDNA stability.

Prolidase deficiency is a rare inborn error of metabolism causing ulcers and other skin disorders, splenomegaly, developmental delay, and recurrent infections. Most of the literature is constituted of isolated case reports. We aim to provide a quantitative description of the natural history of the condition by describing 19 affected individuals and reviewing the literature.

Nineteen patients were phenotyped per local institutional procedures. A systematic review following PRISMA criteria identified 132 articles describing 161 patients. Main outcome analyses were performed for manifestation frequency, diagnostic delay, overall survival, symptom-free survival, and ulcer-free survival.

Our cohort presented a wide variability of severity. Autoimmune disorders were found in 6/19, including Crohn disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, and arthritis. Another immune finding was hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Half of published patients were symptomatic by age 4 and had a delayed diagnosis (mean delay 11.