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8%) were Stage 3, 13 (16.7%) Stage 4 and 48 (61.5%) Stage 5 of chronic kidney disease. Forty Seven (60.3%) required Intensive Care Unit (ICU), 19 (24.4%) required ventilator and 22 (28.2%) of the patient expired in hospital. The most commonly isolated organisms were Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 which was 13 (16.6%) followed by Strepotococcus pneumoniae which was 8 (10.2%).

The prevalence of pneumonia in Chronic Kidney Disease was observed higher in our study compared to other studies.

The prevalence of pneumonia in Chronic Kidney Disease was observed higher in our study compared to other studies.

The world has been threatened with the emergence of the Novel Corona Virus straining the health care system and creating a global pandemic. This is not the first pandemic, and it certainly will not be the last to affect humanity. As the medical community is exposed to these highly contagious new diseases with arrays of symptoms like fever, cough, shortness of breath, anosmia, insomnia, and myalgia. Back pain can also be considered as one of the symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the prevalence of back pain among the Healthcare workers who were tested positive for COVID-19 by the end of their isolation period.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was done from April 2021 to June 2021 in KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Imadol, Lalitpur, Nepal, after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Registration number 2077/078/57). Convenience sampling was done. Data collection and entry were done in Microsoft excel, point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.

Out of 156 COVID-19 positive patients, the prevalence of back pain was seen among 64 (41%) patients (95% Confidence Interval= 42.23-57.75). Among them 21 (32.8%) were males and 43 (67.2%) were females. Likewise, the minimum age was 20 years and the maximum was 68 years with a mean of 33.5±10.28.

This study demonstrated that a high proportion of healthcare workers were suffering from back pain and the findings are similar to the data from other international studies.

This study demonstrated that a high proportion of healthcare workers were suffering from back pain and the findings are similar to the data from other international studies.

Increasing antibiotic resistance has created a global public health threat worldwide. Acinetobacter species is one of the important pathogenic organisms in the hospital setting due to its ability to persist in the hospital environment for long. Its resistance to commonly used antibiotics can prolong hospital stay, increase financial burden, and increase morbidity and mortality. This study aims to find the prevalence of extensive drug resistant Acinetobacter species in the sputum sample of Intensive Care Unit patients admitted in a tertiary care center.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care center among the hospital records from May 2017 to May 2021, after ethical approval (Reference number 2104202101). All the Intensive Care Unit patients with isolated acinetobacter species in their sputum samples within the past four years were collected and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 was used for analysis. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.

Of the total 409, 196 (47.9%) (95% Confidence Interval= 43.06-52.74) of Acinetobacter species in the sputum sample had extensive drug resistance. Of these, 193 (98.5%) and 1 (0.5%) of the extensive drug resistant Acinetobacter species were resistant to carbapenem and polymyxin respectively.

Prevalence of extensive drug resistant acinetobacter was found higher compared to other studies.

Prevalence of extensive drug resistant acinetobacter was found higher compared to other studies.

Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by Otolaryngologists world-wide. There are various techniques for tonsillectomy, but none of the techniques has been accepted as the best one universally. Despite the efforts of all the surgeon and use of recent techniques, some post-tonsillectomy morbidity is unavoidable. The main objective of our study is to find out the mean duration for cessation of pain among the patients following tonsillectomy operation in a tertiary care hospital.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of 104 patients who underwent tonsillectomy in department of otolaryngology of Kathmandu Medical College from 1st August 2020 to 31st July 2021. Convenient sampling technique was used. Ethical Approval was taken from Ethical Clearance Committee of hospital (Reference number 2207202005). Proforma containing visual analog score was given to every patient for scoring the severity of postoperative pain. The scoring of pain was done from 1st postoperative day till 14th postoperative day. Descriptive statistical analysis was done.

One hundred four patients had undergone tonsillectomy in our hospital. The mean duration for cessation of pain was 10 (9.75±1.97) days with mean duration of analgesia taken of 11 (10.84±2.15) days. The mean duration after tonsillectomy operation for cessation of pain on drinking was 8 (7.51±1.19) days and on eating solids 12 (11.59±2.56) days. Patients reported the first normal night of sleep at seven (6.90±1.41) days and return to normal daily activities 11 (11.18±2.53) days.

From the study concluded that the mean duration for cessation of pain after tonsillectomy is slightly lower than other similar study.

From the study concluded that the mean duration for cessation of pain after tonsillectomy is slightly lower than other similar study.Enterocutaneous fistula is any communication between bowel and skin or atmosphere outside the body. It can be classified by various means by etiology, organ of origin, etc. Enterocutaneous fistula can occur after any gastrointestinal surgery where there is some trauma during surgery or other associated causes such as malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease, foreign body, etc. Enterocutaneous fistula needs a multidisciplinary approach as its management is a very tedious and complex process. Sepsis, malnutrition, and dyselectrolytemia are three key factors during the management of enterocutaneous fistula, so these should be properly addressed for better and efficient outcomes. There is excess fistula effluent which should be replaced adequately in high output fistula. The nutrition of the patient plays a vital role in the success of enterocutaneous fistula management so if the patient can tolerate oral or enteral feeding should be commenced as soon as possible otherwise parenteral nutrition should be advised. check details Wound care should be done aggressively, proper skincare, timely drainage of any localised abscesses should be done. Patients should be properly resuscitated and stabilised before any definitive investigations and management. Surgical therapy can be staged and should not be rushed which results in failure of this complex disease process.Leptospirosis, an underreported disease, is a highly prevalent spirochaetal zoonotic disease in both tropical and temperate climates. Symptoms can range from mild illness to potentially life-threatening infection. Laboratory tests are nonspecific. Microbiological confirmation is not widely available in endemic developing countries like Nepal. We need to rely on the serologic test, which has its own pitfalls in the initial days of illness. Here, we report a case of 56 years old female from the western region of Nepal who presented with fever, jaundice and anuria. She initially tested negative for leptospirosis but was later found to be positive in the second week of illness. Unlike the usual non-oliguric renal failure in leptospirosis, she presented with anuria requiring haemodialysis and subsequently had a good recovery with treatment. We highlight the importance of clinical suspicion and logical interpretation of serologic tests based on its timing from the onset of illness.

Oral health is an inherent part of the overall individual's general health. Good oral hygiene practices are widely considered essential in maintaining good oral health and flossing has long been considered an indispensable part of an effective oral hygiene routine. This study aimed to find out the mean attitude score regarding dental floss among dentists.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 142 dentists practicing in a district of Nepal from February 2020 to April 2020. Convenience sampling was performed to reach the sample size of 142. Data was collected through both self-administered and online questionnaires sent through google forms after ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number IRC/076/077-131). Data analysis was done by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 software. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with mean, standard deviation, frequency, and proportion.

The mean attitude score regarding dental floss among dentists was 53.77±4.01 (53.11-54.42 at 95% Confidence Interval). Positive attitude was observed in the majority of dentists 120 (84.5%). Twenty-two (15.5%) were found to have a neutral attitude and none of them possessed a negative attitude towards dental floss similar to other studies.

Based on results of this study, the mean attitude score regarding dental floss among dentists in our study is similar to the findings of other studies. The majority of dentists were found to have a positive attitude towards dental floss.

Based on results of this study, the mean attitude score regarding dental floss among dentists in our study is similar to the findings of other studies. The majority of dentists were found to have a positive attitude towards dental floss.

Unprotected sun exposure could cause tanning, burning, hyperpigmentation, skin aging, and even skin cancer. Regular sunscreen use is a safeguard and a primary preventive strategy against sunlight-related damages. This study aims to find out the prevalence of sunscreen use among medical undergraduate students of a medical college of Eastern Nepal.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among the current medical undergraduate students of 2 medical colleges in Nepal on sunscreen use from September 2020 to October 2020. Convenience sampling was done to reach the sample size of 300. Data collection was done after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC/1778/020). Data analysis was done by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 11.5 software. Point estimate at 95% Confidence Interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data.

The prevalence of sunscreen users was found to be 227 (75.67%) (70.81-80.52 at 95% Confidence Interval) among whom only 35 (15.41%) were regular users. Majority 144 (63.43%) applied sunscreen only on the face, 72 (31.71%) considered reapplication, and 155 (68.2%) knew the Sun Protection Factor value of their sunscreen. Cosmetic sunscreen was considered by the majority of the users 151 (66.51%). Greasy feeling 73 (100%) was the reason for avoiding sunscreen use amongst the non-users 73 (24.34%).

The prevalence of sunscreen users among medical undergraduate students from our study was higher than other studies conducted in similar settings.

The prevalence of sunscreen users among medical undergraduate students from our study was higher than other studies conducted in similar settings.