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zation recall system and close social network, as important salutogenic factors. The large number of salutogenic factors found supporting oral health among the elderly indicates the complexity of salutogenesis and the need for robust analysing tools. Combining two current health models was considered useful for exploring these covariations. These findings have implications for future investigations, identifying important research questions to be explored in qualitative analyses.Colorado legalized marijuana use for recreational purposes by adults over 21 in 2012. this website Our goal is to examine the first major communication campaign (called Good-To-Know) mounted by the state government with the objective of informing the public regarding regulatory and safety precautions surrounding newly legal use. Methods We assess the content of campaign's central messaging qualitatively by comparing its major themes in terms of criteria developed from the literature and the campaign's own goals. Results With minor exceptions (lack of audience segmentation; limiting the focus to generating knowledge) Colorado's Good-To-Know campaign rates well when assessed against specific criteria for effective drug communication campaigns as well as its own goals. Conclusions We conclude that although there were minor limitations to this campaign, policy makers and activists should think proactively about messaging content in states where legalization is imminent. And that more research on legal drug use messaging needs to occur.This study aimed to explore how characteristics of parents at the individual level (i.e. anxiety, depression, and psychological resilience) and the relational level (i.e. family functioning) are associated with their coparenting quality in Chinese context. A total of 432 parents whose first child aged 1-18 were recruited to complete online self-measures of anxiety, depression, psychological resilience, family functioning, and coparenting quality. The findings indicated that parents with more anxiety and depression tended to have worse resilience and family functioning, as well as poorer coparenting quality. There were strong correlations between resilience, family functioning, and coparenting quality. Mediation analysis showed that resilience and family functioning partially mediated the link between anxiety and coparenting and fully mediated the link between depression and coparenting. Moreover, family functioning fully carried the impact of resilience on coparenting. These results extended our understanding by demonstrating that resilience and family functioning serve as mediators between negative emotions and coparenting quality. The significant implications for parental practice and research were also discussed.
This paper aims to explore the effect of aspirin on the in-hospital mortality of patients with NVUGIB.
An observational study retrospectively examined 1514 patients with NVUGIB based on a multi-center database.
Our study reported a mortality rate of 4.8% in patients with NVUGIB, with 163 patients had a history of aspirin. Among 163 patients with an aspirin history, 76 patients (46.6%) continued to take aspirin in the hospital, with an average duration of 0.66 days after bleeding. Subsequent multivariate regression analysis showed heart rate (
<.001, OR = 0.978, 95%CI 0.969-0.987) and albumin (
=.019, OR = 0.658, 95%CI 0.464-0.933) were independent factors for aspirin-therapy after bleeding. Patients who received aspirin after NVUGIB (log-rank = 3.968,
=.046) had better survival than those who did not, but it was not an independent risk factor. The levels of albumin (
< .001, OR = 0.288, 95%CI 0.165-0.505) and INR (
=.013, OR = 1.166, 95%CI 1.033-1.316) and heart rate (
=.005, OR = 1.017, 95%CI 1.005-1.029) were independent factors of in-hospital mortality.
The independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with NVUGIB were albumin and INR and heart rate. The history of aspirin and the aspirin therapy after the bleeding did not affect the in-hospital mortality in patients with NVUGIB.
The independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with NVUGIB were albumin and INR and heart rate. The history of aspirin and the aspirin therapy after the bleeding did not affect the in-hospital mortality in patients with NVUGIB.Over six decades ago, Cherry (1953) drew attention to what he called the "cocktail-party problem"; the challenge of segregating the speech of one talker from others speaking at the same time. The problem has been actively researched ever since but for all this time one observation has eluded explanation. It is the wide variation in performance of individual listeners. That variation was replicated here for four major experimental factors known to impact performance differences in task (talker segregation vs. identification), differences in the voice features of talkers (pitch vs. location), differences in the voice similarity and uncertainty of talkers (informational masking), and the presence or absence of linguistic cues. The effect of these factors on the segregation of naturally spoken sentences and synthesized vowels was largely eliminated in psychometric functions relating the performance of individual listeners to that of an ideal observer, d'ideal. The effect of listeners remained as differences in the slopes of the functions (fixed effect) with little within-listener variability in the estimates of slope (random effect). The results make a case for considering the listener a factor in multitalker segregation and identification equal in status to any major experimental variable.With the discovery of the lung microbiota, its study in both pulmonary health and disease has become a vibrant area of emerging research interest. Thus far, most studies have described the lung microbiota composition in lung disease quite well, and some of these studies indicated alterations in lung microbial communities related to the onset and development of lung disease and vice versa. However, the underlying mechanisms, particularly the cellular and molecular links, are still largely unknown. In this review, we highlight the current progress in the complex cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the lung microbiome interacts with immune homeostasis and pulmonary disease pathogenesis to advance our understanding of the elaborate function of the lung microbiota in lung disease. We hope that this work can attract more attention to this still-young yet very promising field to facilitate the identification of new therapeutic targets and provide more innovative therapies. Additional accurate standard-based methodologies and technological breakthroughs are critical to propel the field forward to ultimately achieve the goal of maintaining respiratory health.A Working Group of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology's Scientific and Regulatory Policy Committee conducted a technical and scientific review of current practices relating to the fixation, trimming, and sectioning of the nonrodent eye to identify key points and species-specific anatomical landmarks to consider when preparing and evaluating eyes of rabbits, dogs, minipigs, and nonhuman primates from ocular and general toxicity studies. The topics addressed in this Points to Consider article include determination of situations when more comprehensive evaluation of the globe and/or associated extraocular tissues should be implemented (expanded ocular sampling), and what constitutes expanded ocular sampling. In addition, this manuscript highlights the practical aspects of fixing, trimming, and sectioning the eye to ensure adequate histopathological evaluation of all major ocular structures, including the cone-dense areas (visual streak/macula/fovea) of the retina for rabbits, dogs, minipigs, and nonhuman primates, which is a current regulatory expectation for ocular toxicity studies.[Box see text].
Differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs) are treated with (near-)total thyroidectomy and radioiodine therapy. Recently, the use of highly sensitive thyroglobulin (hsTg) assays has simplified DTC follow-up and improved patients' quality of life. More limited approaches are currently applied in low-risk patients requiring interpretations of Tg results in different clinical scenarios. Finally, Tg assays are hampered by interference from thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb).
The role of Tg measurement in DTC patients treated with complete thyroid ablation, thyroidectomy alone, or lobectomy is summarized. The management of patients carrying positive TgAb is also addressed.
Patients with undetectable hsTg after total thyroid ablation are safely managed by periodic hsTg measurement, combined with selective use of imaging procedures in few cases. Serum hsTg trend remains informative in patients treated without radioiodine ablation. However, reliable reference values are urgently needed in this setting. The role of hsTg is debated in patients who have undergone lobectomy due to the amount of Tg released by a functioning thyroid lobe. The evaluation of TgAb trend over time (i.e. surrogate tumor marker) is recommended in patients with positive TgAb and potentially interfering Tg results.
Patients with undetectable hsTg after total thyroid ablation are safely managed by periodic hsTg measurement, combined with selective use of imaging procedures in few cases. Serum hsTg trend remains informative in patients treated without radioiodine ablation. However, reliable reference values are urgently needed in this setting. The role of hsTg is debated in patients who have undergone lobectomy due to the amount of Tg released by a functioning thyroid lobe. The evaluation of TgAb trend over time (i.e. surrogate tumor marker) is recommended in patients with positive TgAb and potentially interfering Tg results.
Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of frataxin, an essential mitochondrial protein involved in iron sulfur cluster biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation and other processes. FRDA most notably affects the heart, sensory neurons, spinal cord, cerebellum and other brain regions and manifests clinically as ataxia, sensory loss, dysarthria, spasticity and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Therapeutic approaches in FRDA have consisted of two different approaches (1) augmenting or restoring frataxin production and (2) modulating a variety of downstream processes related to mitochondrial dysfunction, including reactive oxygen species production, ferroptosis, or Nrf2 activation.
In this review, we summarize data from major phase II clinical trials in FRDA published between 2015 and 2020 which includes A0001/EPI743, Omaveloxolone, RT001, and Actimmune.
A growing number of drug candidates are being tested in phase II clinical trials for FRDA; however, most have not met their primary endpoints, and none have received FDA approval. In this review, we aim to summarize completed phase II clinical trials in FRDA, outlining critical lessons that have been learned and that should be incorporated into future trial design to ultimately optimize drug development in FRDA.
A growing number of drug candidates are being tested in phase II clinical trials for FRDA; however, most have not met their primary endpoints, and none have received FDA approval. In this review, we aim to summarize completed phase II clinical trials in FRDA, outlining critical lessons that have been learned and that should be incorporated into future trial design to ultimately optimize drug development in FRDA.
