Patelwhitaker0691

Overall, the IRT and DIF results suggest that the TriPM effectively identifies disinhibition and meanness in individuals possessing high levels of those traits, and boldness at lower levels, but does not seem to identify these traits equally well in men and women. Possible revisions to the Boldness scale as well as ideas for addressing female and male DIF were provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Listening-related fatigue can be a significant burden for adults with hearing loss (AHL), and potentially those with other health or language-related issues (e.g., multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, second language learners) who must allocate substantial cognitive resources to the process of listening. The 40-item Vanderbilt Fatigue Scale for Adults (VFS-A-40) was designed to measure listening-related fatigue in such populations. This article describes the development, and psychometric properties, of the VFS-A-40. Initial qualitative analyses in AHL suggested listening-related fatigue was multidimensional, with physical, mental, emotional, and social domains. However, exploratory factor analyses revealed a unidimensional structure. Item and test characteristics were evaluated using Item Response Theory (IRT). Results confirmed that all test items were of high quality. IRT analyses revealed high marginal reliability and an analysis of test-retest scores revealed adequate reliability. In addition, an analysis of differential item functioning provided evidence of good construct validity across age, gender, and hearing loss groups. In sum, the VFS-A-40 is a reliable and valid tool for quantifying listening-related fatigue in adults. We believe the VFS-A-40 will be useful for identifying those most at risk for severe listening-related fatigue and for assessing interventions to reduce its negative effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Previous research has established the role of positive emotional cultures such as companionate love and joy in predicting team performance. Building on this work, the present study analyzes the role of positive emotional culture variables as predictors of resilient performance by examining patterns of objective team performance in U.S. Army tank crews over time. We also broaden the emotional culture domain by investigating an action-oriented positive emotional culture of optimism and a negative emotional culture of anger. During a high-stakes international military training exercise, 55 U.S. IU1 Army tank crews (N = 175) completed a pre-qualification performance event, a final qualification performance event, and surveys at baseline and after both events. The positive emotional culture of optimism predicted a pattern of resilient performance defined as a rebound from poor pre-qualification performance. Emotional cultures of joy and optimism also directly predicted final performance, but neither the emotional culture of companionate love, nor the emotional culture of anger was a significant predictor. Results demonstrate the distinct nature of each of these emotional culture variables, and show that these variables differ from group trait affectivity and cohesion. Teams with a strong emotional culture of optimism were better positioned to rebound in the face of poor performance, suggesting that organizations that promote an optimistic culture develop more resilient teams. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Despite being the prototypical test of short-term/working memory, immediate serial recall is affected by numerous lexical and long-term memory factors. Within this large literature, very few studies have examined whether performance on the task is affected by valence, the extent to which a word is viewed as positive or negative. Whereas the NEVER model (Bowen, Kark, & Kensinger, 2018) makes the general prediction that negative words will be remembered better than positive words, two previous studies using serial recall have reported that positive words are better remembered than negative words. Three experiments reassessed whether valence affects immediate serial recall using stimuli equated on multiple dimensions, including both arousal and dominance. Over the 3 experiments, with 3 different sets of stimuli, we found no differences in either accuracy or various error measures as a function of valence. The data suggest that there is no effect of valence on an immediate serial recall task when potentially confounding dimensions are controlled. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).In studies of false recognition, subjects not only endorse items that they have never seen, but they also make subjective judgments that they remember consciously experiencing them. This is a difficult problem for most models of recognition memory, as they propose that false memories should be based on familiarity, not recollection. We present a new computational model of recollection, based on the Recognition through Semantic Synchronization (RSS) model of Johns, Jones, & Mewhort (Cognitive Psychology, 2012, 65, 486), and fuzzy trace theory (Brainerd & Reyna, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2002, 11, 164), that offers a solution to this problem. In addition to standard true and false recognition results, the model successfully extends to explain multiple studies on both true and false recollection. This work suggests that recollection does not have to be thought of as a separate process from recognition, but instead as one that is reliant upon different information sources. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).Cannabis products available for retail purchase are often marketed based on purported plant species (e.g., "indica" or "sativa"). The cannabis industry frequently claims that indica versus sativa cannabis elicits unique effects and/or is useful for different therapeutic indications. Few studies have evaluated use patterns, beliefs, subjective experiences, and situations in which individuals use indica versus sativa. A convenience sample of cannabis users (n = 179) was surveyed via Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk). Participants were asked about their prior use of, subjective experiences with, and opinions on indica versus sativa cannabis and completed hypothetical purchasing tasks for both cannabis subtypes. Participants reported a greater preference to use indica in the evening and sativa in the morning and afternoon. Participants were more likely to perceive feeling "sleepy/tired" or "relaxed" after using indica and "alert," "energized," and "motivated" after using sativa. Respondents were more likely to endorse wanting to use indica if they were going to sleep soon but more likely to use sativa at a party.