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Aging and diabetes are both risk factors for functional decline or disability in older adults with diabetes. Recent studies demonstrated that the presence of diabetes significantly increases the risk of sarcopenia, frailty, and geriatric syndrome including falls, hospitalization, disability, and mortality in older adults. They have also suggested that sarcopenia, frailty, and geriatric syndrome should be categorized as a third category of complications in addition to the traditional micro- and macro-vascular complications leading to disability in older adults with diabetes. Prevention of functional decline is a crucial strategy in geriatric management. Recovery of functional independence from dependence or disability is uncommon and lengthy. Assessments of functional status and geriatric syndrome including sarcopenia or frailty should be mandatory in older adults with diabetes to promote early interventions based on physical exercise and nutrition education. This brief review discussed age-associated and diabetes-associated muscle changes and their association with functional decline.

Three-quarters of aged men experience lower urinary tract symptoms with benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH). Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) are standard endosurgical procedures in patients with BPH. selleck chemical Previous studies reported better results in patients undergoing HoLEP than in those undergoing TURP.

This study compared the efficiency and safety of conventional morcellation and morcellation performed after X-incision during enucleation, a newly added technique in HoLEP. Overall, 174 patients were selected as the final study population. The populations were stratified with respect to resected volumes. A t-test were used to compare the conventional morcellation and X-incision procedure groups.

In morcellation times and rates, there were significant differences in stratified resected mass (g) between the groups. The results also showed a decreased incidence of bladder injury as a surgical complication.

We believe morcellation performed after X-incision procedure during enucleation is efficient and safe for older adults with BPH.

We believe morcellation performed after X-incision procedure during enucleation is efficient and safe for older adults with BPH.

Spinal sarcopenia is receiving renewed attention as a cause of spinal sagittal imbalance. However, the relationships between spinal sarcopenia and spinal sagittal balance (SSB) have not been thoroughly investigated. We evaluated the relationships between SSB parameters and sarcopenic indices with lumbar paraspinal muscle (LPM) quantity and strength in healthy older adults.

Twenty-four healthy community-dwelling older women were enrolled. Demographic variables, conventional sarcopenic indices, isometric back muscle strength, and SSB parameters, as well as results of functional examinations and lumbar spine computed tomography scan with LPM cross-sectional area (CSA) and density assessments, were examined. The independent effect on the sum of the total LPM CSA was determined using multivariable regression analysis adjusted for age, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, gait speed, handgrip strength, back extensor strength, and pelvic tilt (PT) angle.

PT angle was significantly correlated with the sum of the total LPM CSA and mean LPM density (r=-0.502, p=0.015 and r=0.504, p=0.014, respectively). Furthermore, PT angle was an independent factor for the sum of the total LPM CSA (β=-0.610, p=0.021) in the multivariate regression models (R

=0.320).

Our data suggest that PT angle was significantly correlated with LPM CSA in healthy older women. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the relationships of sarcopenic indices and spinal muscle degeneration with SSB.

Our data suggest that PT angle was significantly correlated with LPM CSA in healthy older women. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate the relationships of sarcopenic indices and spinal muscle degeneration with SSB.

The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors and causes of short-term mortality after emergency department (ED) discharge in older patients.

This population-based cohort study used nationwide health insurance claims data in Korea from 2008 to 2014. The causes of death and diagnoses of patients who died within 1 week after discharge from EDs (1-week ED death) were obtained. The risk factors for 1-week ED death were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression analyses.

The rate of 1-week ED death was 0.5% among 133,251 individuals aged ≥65 years discharged from EDs. In multivariate analysis, the top five ED discharge diagnoses associated with an increased risk of 1-week ED death were hypotension and vascular disease (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=5.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.03-8.63), neoplasm (aHR=4.89; 95% CI, 3.77-6.35), coronary artery disease (aHR=3.83; 95% CI, 2.73-5.39), dyspnea (aHR=3.41; 95% CI, 2.48-4.68), and respiratory disease (aHR=2.25; 95% CI, 1.73-2.92). The most common causes of 1-week ED death were neoplasm (14.8%), senility (13.8%), and cerebrovascular disease (11.7%).

Neoplasm, coronary artery disease, and respiratory disease were the discharge diagnoses associated with an increased risk of short-term mortality after ED discharge. Neoplasm was the leading cause of short-term mortality after ED discharge in older patients.

Neoplasm, coronary artery disease, and respiratory disease were the discharge diagnoses associated with an increased risk of short-term mortality after ED discharge. Neoplasm was the leading cause of short-term mortality after ED discharge in older patients.

The older population (≥65 years) has rapidly increased in size in recent years. Among them, the middle-to-oldest-old (≥75 years) tend to have a poor health status. Therefore, subdivision and evaluation of older patients with traumatic injury are required. We focused on the risk of femoral intertrochanteric fractures occurring in older adults due to minor falls and compared young-old and middle-to-oldest-old populations.

The medical records of patients who visited the emergency center due to hip injuries between March 2017 and March 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into older adult (≥65 years) and non-older (age 18-64 years) groups; the older adult group was subdivided into young-old (65-74 years), middle-old (75-84 years), and oldest-old (≥85 years) groups. This study investigated the occurrence rate of femoral intertrochanteric fractures and related factors.

The older adult group had a higher incidence of femoral intertrochanteric fractures than that in the non-older adult group (95.