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In recent years, many studies of Momordica charantia (MC) in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications have been reported. This article reviewed the effect and mechanism of MC against diabetes, including the results from in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical trials. The common side effects of MC were also summarized. We hope that it might open up new ideas for further mechanism exploration and clinical application as well as provide a scientific theoretical basis for the development of drugs or foods derived from MC.Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. However, there is no effective treatment for MI. In this study, trimetazidine (TMZ) and Danhong injection (DHI), representing western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine for MI, were used as tools to identify vital processes in alleviating MI injury. Administration of DHI and TMZ obviously decreased myocardial infarct size, improved ultrasonic heart function, and reduced creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) levels after MI. RNA-seq results indicated calcium ion handling and negative regulation of apoptotic process were vital processes and DHI and TMZ obviously reduced the expression of CaMK II and inhibited cleaved caspase-3 and Bax. Furthermore, DHI and TMZ increased p-S16-PLB, p-S16T17-PLB, CACNA1C, p-RyR2, and p-PKA expression but did not affect SERCA2a expression. In addition to the enhancement of cardiac myocyte shortening amplitude, maximum shortening velocity, and calcium transients, DHI and TMZ increased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content and enhanced SERCA2a calcium uptake capability by upregulating the phosphorylation of PLB but did not affect calcium exclusion by NCX. In conclusion, DHI and TMZ protect against MI through inhibiting apoptosis by downregulating CaMKII pathway and enhancing cardiac myocyte contractile functions possibly through the PKA signaling pathway.[This retracts the article DOI 10.1093/ecam/nep084.].Acute physical exercise can modulate immune function. For example, acute exercise is known to increase the circulating concentration of cytokines. Exercise is also known to modulate immune function chronically. It is not known whether exercise training can result in training of the immune system. Here, we investigated the effects of six weeks of aerobic training on cytokine responses induced by acute exercise until fatigue. Twelve healthy men performed a fatiguing exercise at the anaerobic threshold (AT) intensity. After the training period, the participants performed another bout of acute exercise at the same duration and intensity of the pretraining situation. The analysis was made at the beginning, end, and at 10, 30, and 60 minutes during the recovery period. Training at AT induced a gain of 11.2% of exercise capacity. Before training, a single bout of acute exercise induced a significant increase in plasma levels of cytokines, including IL-6, TNF-α, sTNFR1, IL-10, CXCL10, BDNF, leptin, resistin, and adiponectin. After six weeks of aerobic training, levels of IL-6, sTNFR1, BDNF, and leptin increased to a lesser extent after an acute bout exercise at the same absolute intensity as the pretraining period. Responses to the same relative exercise intensity were similar to those observed before exercise. These results show that aerobic training is associated with training of acute immune responses to acute exercise until fatigue.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common problems in neonates. The main clinical manifestations of neonatal GERD are frequent regurgitation or vomiting associated with irritability, crying, anorexia or feeding refusal, failure to thrive, arching of the back, and sleep disturbance.

The efficacy and safety of ranitidine plus metoclopramide and lansoprazole plus metoclopramide in reducing clinical GERD symptoms based on I-GERQ-R scores in neonatal GERD resistant to conservative and monotherapy.

. This study was a randomized clinical trial of term neonates with GERD diagnosis (according to the final version of the I-GERQ-R), resistant to conservative and monotherapy admitted to Bahrami Children Hospital during 2017-2019. Totally, 120 term neonates (mean age 10.91 ± 7.17 days; girls 54.63%) were randomly assigned to a double-blind trial with either oral ranitidine plus metoclopramide (group A) or oral lansoprazole plus metoclopramide (group B). The changes of the symptoms and signs we at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trails (RCT20160827029535N3).

The response rate was significant in each group after one week and one month of treatment, but it was significantly higher in the "lansoprazole plus metoclopramide" group compared with the "ranitidine plus metoclopramide" group. The combination of each acid suppressant with metoclopramide led to a higher response rate in comparison with monotherapy used before intervention. This study has been registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trails (RCT20160827029535N3).Malaria volunteers (MVs) play an essential role in resolving malaria problems by delivering greater access to diagnosis and treatment services, mainly for the underserved community residing in hard-to-reach rural areas. The Karen Department of Health and Welfare (KDHW) has implemented community-based malaria control activities among the ethnic minorities in southeastern Myanmar by promoting the roles of MVs. This study aimed to explore the factors influencing the performance of MVs regarding malaria control activities in the area. From July to August 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 townships of southeastern Myanmar under the umbrella of the KDHW malaria project. A total of 140 MVs were employed as study participants. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. For data analyses, descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and logistics regression models were applied. More than half of the MVs perceived a good level of performance on malaria control activities. A higher level of performance has been observed among the MVs who had another job (AOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.9), those experienced in health-related fields (AOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4-4.9), who received good community support (AOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3-10.9), who were volunteers beyond three years (AOR 4.0, 95% CI 2.8-9.2), and whose family income totaled over 500,000 MMK (AOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.6-4.2). selleck compound The results mentioned the characteristics which should be prioritized in recruiting MVs. MV network and their workforce need to be nurtured by encouraging community support. For performance sustainability, attractive incentive schemes or a salary should be subsidized in support of their livelihoods.Germ cells are capable of maintaining species continuity through passing genetic and epigenetic information across generations. Female germ cells mainly develop during the embryonic stage and pass through subsequent developmental stages including primordial germ cells, oogonia, and oocyte. However, due to the limitation of using early human embryos as in vivo research model, in vitro research models are needed to reveal the early developmental process and related mechanisms of female germ cells. After birth, the number of follicles gradually decreases with age. Various conditions which damage ovarian functions would cause premature ovarian failure. Alternative treatments to solve these problems need to be investigated. Germ cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells in vitro can simulate early embryonic development of female germ cells and clarify unresolved issues during the development process. In addition, pluripotent stem cells could potentially provide promising applications for female fertility preservation after proper in vitro differentiation. Mouse female germ cells have been successfully reconstructed in vitro and delivered to live offspring. However, the derivation of functional human female germ cells has not been fully achieved due to technical limitations and ethical issues. To provide an updated and comprehensive information, this review centers on the major studies on the differentiation of mouse and human female germ cells from pluripotent stem cells and provides references to further studies of developmental mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications of female germ cells.The tendon is highly prone to injury, overuse, or age-related degeneration in both humans and horses. Natural healing of injured tendon is poor, and cell-based therapeutic treatment is still a significant clinical challenge. In this study, we extensively investigated the expression of tenogenic genes in equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and tenocyte-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (teno-iPSCs) stimulated by growth factors (TGF-β3 and BMP12) combined with ectopic expression of tenogenic transcription factor MKX or cyclic uniaxial mechanical stretch. Western blotting revealed that TGF-β3 and BMP12 increased the expression of transcription factors SCX and MKX in both cells, but the tenocyte marker tenomodulin (TNMD) was detected only in BMSCs and upregulated by either inducer. On the other hand, quantitative real-time PCR showed that TGF-β3 increased the expression of EGR1, COL1A2, FMOD, and TNC in BMSCs and SCX, COL1A2, DCN, FMOD, and TNC in teno-iPSCs. BMP12 treatment elevated SCX, MKX, DCN, FMOD, and TNC in teno-iPSCs. Overexpression of MKX increased SCX, DCN, FMOD, and TNC in BMSCs and EGR1, COL1A2, DCN, FMOD, and TNC in teno-iPSCs; TGF-β3 further enhanced TNC in BMSCs. Moreover, mechanical stretch increased SCX, EGR1, DCN, ELN, and TNC in BMSCs and SCX, MKX, EGR1, COL1A2, DCN, FMOD, and TNC in teno-iPSCs; TGF-β3 tended to further elevate SCX, ELN, and TNC in BMSCs and SCX, MKX, COL1A2, DCN, and TNC in teno-iPSCs, while BMP12 further uptrended the expression of SCX and DCN in BMSCs and DCN in teno-iPSCs. Additionally, the aforementioned tenogenic inducers also affected the expression of signaling regulators SMAD7, ETV4, and SIRT1 in BMSCs and teno-iPSCs. Taken together, our data demonstrate that, in respect to the tenocyte-lineage-specific gene expression, BMSCs and teno-iPSCs respond differently to the tenogenic stimuli, which may affect the outcome of their application in tendon repair or regeneration.Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can self-renew indefinitely and maintain their pluripotency status. The pluripotency gene regulatory network is critical in controlling these properties and particularly chromatin remodeling complexes. In this review, we summarize the research progresses of the functional and mechanistic studies of BAF complex in mouse ESCs and early embryonic development. A discussion of the mechanistic bases underlying the distinct phenotypes upon the deletion of different BAF subunits in ESCs and embryos will be highlighted.

Cancer patients being immunosuppressed are vulnerable to develop infections. Knowledge of the changing epidemiology of infections has a pivotal role in its management.

. The study is undertaken to assess the types of bacterial infections in cancer patients undergoing anticancer treatment, the associated bacterial pathogens, and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns.

A retrospective surveillance study was undertaken in our center. Positive culture reports and other clinical details of cancer patients diagnosed with infection during a stay in the tertiary care center from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2016 were analysed by descriptive statistical methods chi-square test and odds ratio to study the association.

Out of 638 cancer patients diagnosed with infections in the 2-year period, 140 patients had positive cultures, representing 272 specimens and 306 isolates. Common specimens sent for culture were blood sputum, urine, and pus. 214 isolates (69.9%) were gram-negative bacilli, and 92 (30.1%) were gram-positive cocci.