Ochoaputnam2800

38, P<0.001, respectively). There was good concordance between observers for both scales, with a correlation coefficient of 0.77 for FEDESI and 0.80 for SCORFAD [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 95%, confidence interval (CI) 0.69-0.83; ICC 95%, CI 0.72-0.86, respectively]. Median lesion score was low (FEDESI 20; SCORFAD 4), which may improve interobserver reliability.

There is good interobserver reliability for both FEDESI and SCORFAD. FEDESI and SCORFAD are positively correlated with one another and with pVAS. These findings support use of both scales in clinical research and assessment.

There is good interobserver reliability for both FEDESI and SCORFAD. FEDESI and SCORFAD are positively correlated with one another and with pVAS. These findings support use of both scales in clinical research and assessment.

People with mental ill-health are more likely to smoke and experience smoking-related harm than those without. Switching from combustible tobacco to lower risk nicotine-containing products may be of benefit; however, misperceptions of harm may prevent their use. We aimed to assess, among adults with and without mental ill-health, (1) perceptions of harm from nicotine and relative harm and addictiveness of different nicotine-containing products and (2) sources of information associated with harm perceptions.

Cross-sectional study.

Online survey of adults (n=3400) who smoke cigarettes and/or use e-cigarettes, or recently stopped, in the United Kingdom.

Outcomes harm perceptions of nicotine; relative perceived harm and addictiveness of different nicotine-containing products; sources of information for harm perceptions of nicotine, cigarette smoking, e-cigarettes. Demographics sex, age, education, ethnic group, region. Other measures self-reported smoking, vaping, and mental health status.

frequencies aceptions of nicotine and nicotine-containing products than those with no/low distress, despite reporting similar sources of information.

Among adults with a history of tobacco and/or e-cigarette use, those with serious mental distress appear to have less accurate harm perceptions of nicotine and nicotine-containing products than those with no/low distress, despite reporting similar sources of information.

This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of expression levels of involucrin (IVL), cytokeratin (CK)-10 and -13 at different intratumor sites (tumor center and invading area) of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).

IVL, CK13 and CK10 expression levels were examined in a multicenter cohort of 146 OTSCCs using immunohistochemistry. MEK inhibitor External mRNA datasets were used for expression analysis and/or to validate survival associations.

External transcriptomic datasets showed downregulation of IVL and KRT13 in oral malignancies including OTSCC as compared to normal controls. The combined loss of IVL and CK13 expression at the invading core but not at the center core was significantly associated with poor differentiation and reduced 5-year overall survival. Multivariate Cox analysis confirmed the loss of CK13 and IVL expression to be an independent prognostic factor. Transcriptomic dataset corroborated immunohistochemistry results.

Combined expression levlels of IVL and CK13 might be useful as prognostic biomarkers in OTSCC.

Combined expression levlels of IVL and CK13 might be useful as prognostic biomarkers in OTSCC.Aqueous electrolytes offer major advantages in safe battery operation, green economy, and low production cost for advanced battery technology. However, strong water activity in aqueous electrolytes provokes a hydrogen evolution reaction and parasitic passivation on electrodes, leaving poor ion-transport in the electrolyte/electrode interface. Herein, a zeolite molecular sieve-modified (zeolite-modified) aqueous electrolyte is proposed to reduce water activity and its side-reaction. First, Raman spectroscopy reveals a highly aggressive solvation configuration and significantly suppressed water activity toward single water molecule. Then less hydrogen evolution and anti-corrosion ability of zeolite-modified electrolyte by simulation and electrochemical characterizations are identified. Consequently, a zinc (Zn) anode involves less side-reaction, and develops into a compact deposition morphology, as proved by space-resolution characterizations. Moreover, zeolite-modified electrolyte favors cyclic life of symmetric Zn||Zn cells to 4765 h at 0.8 mA cm-2 , zinc-VO2 coin cell to 3000 cycles, and pouch cell to 100 cycles. Finally, the mature production technique and low-cost of zeolite molecular sieve would tremendously favor the future scale-up application in engineering aspect.Highly crystalline 2D/3D-mixed p-transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)/n-Ga2 O3 heterojunction devices are fabricated by mechanical exfoliation of each p- and n-type material. N-type β-Ga2 O3 and p-type TMD separately play as a channel for junction field effect transistors (JFETs) with each type of carriers as well as materials for a heterojunction PN diode. The work thus mainly focuses on such ambipolar channel transistors with two different types of channel in a single device architecture. For more extended applications, the transparency of high energy band gap β-Ga2 O3 (Eg ≈ 4.8 eV) is taken advantage of, firstly to measure the electrical energy gap of p-TMDs receiving visible or near infrared (NIR) photons through the β-Ga2 O3 . Next, the p-TMD/n-Ga2 O3 JFETs are put to high speed photo-sensing which is achieved from the p-TMD channel under reverse bias voltages on n-Ga2 O3 . The photo-switching cutoff frequency appears to be ≈16 and 29 kHz for visible red and NIR illuminations, respectively, on the basis of -3 dB photoelectric power loss. Such a high switching speed of the JFET is attributed to the fast transport of photo-carriers in TMD channels. The 2D/3D-mixed ambipolar channel JFETs and their photo-sensing applications are regarded novel, promising, and practically easy to achieve.Narrow-bandgap n-type polymers with high electron mobility are urgently demanded for the development of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Here, two regioregular narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors, L15 and MBTI, with two electron-deficient segments are synthesized by copolymerizing two dibrominated fused-ring electron acceptors (FREA) with distannylated aromatic imide, respectively. Taking full advantage of the FREA and the imide, both polymer acceptors show narrow bandgap and high electron mobility. Benefiting from the more extended absorption, better backbone ordering, and higher electron mobility than those of its regiorandom analog, the L15-based all-PSC yields a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.2% when blended with the polymer donor PM6. More importantly, MBTI incorporating a benzothiophene-core FREA segment shows relatively higher frontier molecular orbital levels than L15, forming a cascade-like energy level alignment with L15 and PM6. Based on this, ternary all-PSCs are designed where MBTI is introduced as a guest into the PM6L15 host system. Thanks to further optimal blend morphology and more balanced charge transport, the PCE is improved up to 16.2%, which is among the highest values for all-PSCs. The results demonstrate that combining an FREA and an aromatic imide to construct regioregular narrow-bandgap polymer acceptors provides an effective approach to fabricate highly efficient all-PSCs.Studies in adults suggest that sleep disturbances predict poorer socioemotional skills and impaired social interactions. However, little is known regarding how sleep disturbances are associated with social processes during adolescence, a period when both sleep neurobiology and social relationships are undergoing dramatic developmental changes. The current study examined associations among sleep disturbances and peer connectedness in a sample of middle-school students (N = 213, 11-15 years old, 57% female) using a social network approach. Findings suggested that youth with greater sleep disturbances reported having fewer social connections, were rated as a social connection by fewer peers, and were less likely to have reciprocated nominations, even after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and mental health symptoms.With potential commercial applications, inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have received wide-spread attentions as they are compatible with tandem devices and processed at low-temperature. Nevertheless, their efficiencies remain unsatisfactory due to insufficient film quality on hydrophobic hole transport layer and limited hole-blocking capability of the electron transport layer. Herein, 1,3,5-Tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene (TPBi), an n-type semiconductor, is incorporated into the antisolvent to simultaneously regulate the grain growth and charge transport of perovskite films. TPBi facilitates the crystallization of perovskites along (100) orientation. Besides, TPBi is mainly distributed near the top surface of perovskite film and enhances the hole-blocking capability of the area adjacent to the surface. The superior properties of this film lead to a remarkable improvement in the open-circuit voltage of inverted PSCs. The champion device achieves a high power conversion efficiency of 21.79% while keeping ≈92% of its initial value after 1000 h storage in the ambient atmosphere. This work provides an effective way to evidently promote the performance of inverted PSCs and illustrates its underlaying mechanism.Biomarker identification may provide strategic opportunities to understand disease pathophysiology, predict outcomes, improve human health, and reduce healthcare costs. The highly heterogeneous Covid-19 clinical manifestation suggests a complex interaction of several different human, viral and environmental factors. Here, we systematically reviewed genetic association studies evaluating Covid-19 severity or susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection following PRISMA recommendations. Our research comprised papers published until December 31st , 2020, in PubMed and BioRXiv databases focusing on genetic association studies with Covid-19 prognosis or susceptibility. We found 20 eligible genetic association studies, of which 11 assessed Covid-19 outcome and 14 evaluated infection susceptibility (five analyzed both effects). Q-genie assessment indicated moderate quality. Five large-scale association studies (GWAS, whole-genome, or exome sequencing) were reported with no consistent replication to date. Promising hits were found on the 3p21.31 region and ABO locus. Candidate gene studies examined ACE1, ACE2, TMPRSS2, IFITM3, APOE, Furin, IFNL3, IFNL4, HLA, TNF-ɑ genes, and ABO system. The most evaluated single locus was the ABO, and the most sampled region was the HLA with three and five candidate gene studies, respectively. Meta-analysis could not be performed. Available data showed the need for further reports to replicate claimed associations.Increased cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) suggests impaired autonomic control of the heart. However, the central regions that contribute to the autonomic cardiac pathologies in type 2 DM are unknown. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that neuronal activation would be increased in central sympathoregulatory areas in a pre-clinical type 2 DM animal model. Immunohistochemistry in 20-week-old male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats revealed an increased number of neurones expressing ΔFosB (a marker of chronic neuronal activation) in the intermediolateral column (IML) of the spinal cord in DM compared to non-diabetic (non-DM) rats (P less then 0.05). Rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) neurones activate IML neurones and receive inputs from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), as well as the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and area postrema (AP), in the brainstem. We observed more ΔFosB-positive noradrenergic RVLM neurones (P less then 0.001) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone PVN neurones (P less then 0.