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tered 10 October 2019.

After residential care placement, family members may be exposed to stressors like difficulty in role changes, interpersonal conflict with facility staff, and emotional torment. These can threaten family members' own health and well-being and even influence the extent they involve in their relative's care. This study aims to evaluate an online education intervention for Chinese family members whose relatives with dementia have been placed into a residential care facility.

This protocol describes a two-arm randomised controlled trial. A total of 150 family members of residents with dementia will be recruited from four to six residential care facilities in Xi'an, Shaanxi, China and randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group. Family members in the intervention group will receive a six-week group-based online education intervention, while those in the control group will receive routine care. Family members' stress, coping, caregiving burden, and family involvement, as well as their relative's behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia will be assessed at immediately post-intervention and six-week follow-up. Effectiveness of the intervention will be analysed by generalised estimating equation model, based on the intention-to-treat principle. A process evaluation of the intervention will also be undertaken.

This study will be of great significance in addressing family members' stressors after institutionalising a relative with dementia and promoting the implementation of family-centred care in practice especially in residential care facilities.

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900024582 , Registered 18 July 2019.

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900024582 , Registered 18 July 2019.

The world's population is ageing, resulting in rising care demands and healthcare costs, which in turn lead to a shift from formal to informal care. However, not only is the number of potential informal carers fast decreasing, but also informal caregivers are experiencing a higher caregiver burden. This literature review aims to synthesize the literature on the common determinants of caregiver burden in Western countries, to help ensure future continuation of informal care in the home context, and to improve or sustain the quality of life of caregivers and patients alike.

A systematic review of peer-reviewed articles included in PubMed, Scopus, and/or PsychInfo was conducted.

Seventeen articles were included. The most important predictors were the duration of caregiving and the patient's dependency level, in terms of both physical and mental dependency stemming from decreased cognitive capacity or behavioural problems. Some specific illnesses and role conflicts or captivity also increased caregiver burdg needs for social support for both the recipient and the caregiver. Changing role expectations, leading to men being more involved, could reduce the disproportionately high burden for women.Cumulatively to 16 August there have been 23,696 case notifications and 428 deaths. The number of new cases reported nationally this fortnight (3-16 August 2020) was 3,767, a 37% decrease from the previous fortnight (5,944). On average this represented 269 cases diagnosed each day over the reporting period, a decrease from 425 cases per day over the previous reporting period. 3,628 (96%) of all cases were reported in Victoria, with a smaller number of cases reported from NSW (125), Qld (2), WA (5), SA (6) and Tas (1). In Victoria, the majority of cases (3,284; 90%) were locally acquired, with a further 344 (10%) under investigation at the time of analysis, but likely also to be locally acquired. Of the remaining 139 cases reported, 26 (19%) were overseas acquired; 110 (80%) were locally acquired, predominantly in NSW, and 3 (2%) were reported as under investigation. The decrease in new cases observed this fortnight in Victoria is likely associated with the enhanced public health measures that are currently in place in Victoria. A total of 54 deaths were reported, all from Victoria 52 (96%) were aged 70 years and over, and 2 (4%) were aged 30 to 69 years. Testing rates remain high across all jurisdictions, with an overall positivity rate for the reporting period of 0.6%. Victoria reported a positivity rate of 1.7% for this reporting period; in all other jurisdictions the positivity rate was 0.05% or lower.

The need for cyber supervision has arisen owing to a lack of access to supervision resources in remote locations in Mainland China. This study explores the experiences of receiving or implementing cyber supervision.

Twenty-four graduates of a nationwide supervision training program participated in telephone interviews.

The findings revealed the themes concerning the process of conducting cyber supervision. Methods used by cyber-supervisors to understand supervision context and build supervisory relationships were identified.

The findings lead to an increased understanding of the process of cyber supervision and will have implications for the further development of cyber supervision.

Implications of this study provide insights into the important process of cyber supervision.

Implications of this study provide insights into the important process of cyber supervision.d-galactose (d-gal) is widely used to induce aging. However, it is still unclear whether long-term injection of d-gal affects the gastrointestinal functions of aging rats, and how. In this study, we investigated the effects of d-gal on the gastrointestinal functions of aging rats, especially from the perspective of fecal metabolomics. Biochemical and behavioral analyses were performed. Besides, a 1H NMR-based metabolomics approach was built and applied in combination with multivariate data analysis including principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA). Regarding gastrointestinal functions, d-gal significantly decreased the small intestine propulsion rates and prolonged gastrointestinal transit time. In addition, d-gal significantly increased the oxidative damages. PCA results showed that d-gal interrupted the metabolic profiles of endogenous small molecules in aging rats. Furthermore, OPLS-DA showed that 40 metabolites were screened and identified to be involved in the disruption of gastrointestinal functions in aging rats. Accordingly, seven metabolic pathways were recognized as the most influenced pathways associated with gastrointestinal functions of aging rats induced by d-gal, including amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, intestinal flora metabolism, and metabolism of short chain fatty acids. It is the first report to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of d-gal on gastrointestinal functions of aging rats from the perspective of fecal metabolomics. The current results are conducive to further comprehensively understand d-gal-induced aging and will expand the applications of d-gal in pharmacological researches.

As in many Sub-Saharan African countries, the health system in Somalia is not operating at the capacity needed to lift childhood vaccination coverage to ninety percent or above, as recommended by United Nations Children's Fund. Current national estimates of coverage for the six major vaccine preventable childhood diseases range from thirty to sixty percent. Infectious disease outbreaks continue to pose significant challenges for the country's health authorities.

This important qualitative study, conducted in Galkayo District, Somalia, investigates limiting factors associated with childhood vaccination uptake from the perspective of both communities and health care workers.

Qualitative information was collected through six focus group discussions with parents (n=48) and five one-to-one interviews with health workers (n=15) between March and May 2017, in three settings in the Galkayo District - Galkayo city, Bayra and Bacadwayn.

From a health system perspective, the factors are awareness raising, hard taking and advance towards the global vaccination targets.

Enhancing knowledge and awareness of vaccination among parents is crucial. Fathers' involvement is lacking. TL13-112 research buy This may be boosted by highlighting fathers' obligation to protect their children's health through vaccination. It is also important that men engage with the wider community in decision-making and advance towards the global vaccination targets.To address growing concerns about the role of pornography use in adolescents' sexual socialization, we explored the role of callousness, relative to pornography use, in male adolescents' self-reported sexual aggressiveness. Two competing conceptualizations of this role were tested using data from a larger longitudinal research project on sexualized media use and adolescent well-being. Considering that callousness was assessed at only two waves (T2 and T4), 381 male Croatian adolescents (Mage = 15.88, SD = 0.49) who participated in both waves were included in the study. Generalized mixed effects regression modeling indicated that callousness, but not pornography use, significantly predicted sexual aggressiveness 11 months later. Callousness also moderated the association between pornography use and sexual aggressiveness, so that among participants who scored high in callousness, more frequent pornography use was related to lower odds of reporting sexual aggressiveness. High callousness is a risk factor for male adolescents' sexual aggression and should be addressed in prevention programs.

One route to advancing psychological treatments is to harness mental health science, a multidisciplinary approach including individuals with lived experience and end users (e.g., Holmes, E. A., Craske, M. G., & Graybiel, A. M. (2014). Psychological treatments A call for mental-health science.

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(7509), 287-289. doi10.1038/511287a). While early days, we here illustrate a line of research explored by our group-intrusive imagery-based memories after trauma.

We illustrate three possible approaches through which mental health science may stimulate thinking around psychological treatment innovation. First, focusing on single/specific target symptoms rather than full, multifaceted psychiatric diagnoses (e.g., intrusive trauma memories rather than all of posttraumatic stress disorder). Second, investigating mechanisms that can be

in treatment (treatment mechanisms), rather than those which cannot (e.g., processes only linked to aetiology). Finally, exploring novel ways of delivering psychological treatment (peer-/self-administration), given the prevalence of mental health problems globally, and the corresponding need for effective interventions that can be delivered at scale and remotely for example at times of crisis (e.g., current COVID-19 pandemic).

These three approaches suggest options for potential innovative avenues through which mental health science may be harnessed to recouple basic and applied research and transform treatment development.

These three approaches suggest options for potential innovative avenues through which mental health science may be harnessed to recouple basic and applied research and transform treatment development.In this study, phthalocianato[bis(dimethylaminoethanoxy)] silicon (NzPC) was loaded onto gelatin nanoparticles functionalized with polyelectrolytes (polystyrene sulfonate/polyallylamine hydrochloride) by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly for photodynamic therapy (PDT) application in promastigote form of Leishmania amazonensis treatment. The process yield, and encapsulation efficiency were 80.0% ± 1.8 and EE = 87.0% ± 1.1, respectively. The polyelectrolytic gelatin nanoparticles (PGN) had a mean diameter of 437.4 ± 72.85 nm, narrow distribution size with a polydispersity index of 0.086. The obvious switching of zeta potential indicates successful alternating deposition of the polyanion PSS and polycation PAH directly on the gelatin nanoparticles. Photosensitizer photophysical properties were shown to be preserved after gelatin nanoparticle encapsulation. The impact of the PDT in the viability and morphology of Leishmania amazonensis promastigote in culture medium was evaluated. The PGN-NzPc presented low toxicity at the dark and the PDT was capable of decreasing the viability in more than 80% in 0.