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Discussion The use of multiple regression with clinical covariates and a uterine activity measure increased the accuracy of predicting cesarean delivery. Uterine electromyography may be especially useful to evaluate labor dystocia phenotypes to differentiate uterine muscle fatigue from understimulation and lead to algorithms for increased precision in the diagnosis of labor dystocia and innovative approaches to treatment.Pediatric LTX is challenged by the scarcity of suitable donor organs. To alleviate the problem of size matching, volume reduction of the donor is a possible option. Previous reports address mostly older teenagers, and data about younger patients are lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether trimming had influence on the morbidity and mortality in slightly younger recipients, operated in a single center. Between 2015 and 2018, 20 patients were transplanted at the GOSH London. The mean age was 11.5 (±4.6) years. Nine patients underwent volume reduction prior to transplantation (T group). The other patients received classical bilateral LTX (NT group). Ischemia times were longer in the T group, but this difference was not statistically significant. We observed no 30-day mortality. Hospital survival in the T group was 78% vs 90% in the NT group. After almost 3 years, mortality in the T group was 22% vs 28% in the NT group. None of these differences was statistically significant. The mean duration of MV, intensive care stay, and hospital stay were 11.5, 19.9, and 44.8 days, respectively. Results were equal in terms of morbidity, defined as respiratory and neurological complications or the need for ECMO. Results show that volume reduction prior to LTX is a feasible option, even in smaller children. While awaiting long-term results, accepting larger donor organs could be a strategy to further reduce waiting list time and subsequently lower the mortality on the waiting list.Low skeletal muscle mass is highly prevalent in older cancer patients and affects 5% to 89% depending on the type and stage of cancer. Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with poor clinical outcomes such as postoperative complications, chemotherapy toxicity and mortality in older cancer patients. Little is known about the mediating pathophysiological mechanisms. In this review we summarize proposed pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the association between low muscle mass and poor clinical outcomes in older cancer patients including 1) systemic inflammation; 2) insulin-dependent glucose handling; 3) mitochondrial function; 4) protein status, and; 5) pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs. The mechanisms of altered myokine balance negatively affecting the innate and adaptive immune system, and altered pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs leading to a relative overdosage of anticancer drugs are best-substantiated. The effects of glucose intolerance and circulating mitochondrial DNA as a consequence of low muscle mass are topics of interest for future research. Restoring myokine balance through physical exercise, exercise mimetics, neuro-muscular activation and adapting anticancer drug dosing on muscle mass could be targeted approaches to improve clinical outcomes in older cancer patients with low muscle mass.Introduction Visual snow manifests as a pan-field, dynamic visual disturbance described as continuous TV-static-like tiny flickering dots. Current diagnostic criteria further require at least two additional symptoms for the Visual Snow Syndrome (VSS) from palinopsia (afterimages and trailing), entoptic phenomena (floaters, blue field entoptic phenomenon, photopsia, self-light of the eye), photophobia and nyctalopia. Our objective was to compare the phenotype of VSS in an Italian and British population. Methods VSS patients were characterized clinically using the current criteria. An online survey was prepared in collaboration with the patient group Eye-on-Vision. Patients were directed to the site if they contacted us by email asking to be involved in research. Following data collection, we compared the phenotypic characteristics of a sub-group of British versus Italian patients taking part in the survey. As we expected more responses from the UK, we matched one-hundred UK patients for gender and age with our Italian cohort. Results Patients were enrolled from the UK (n = 100) and Italy (IT) (n = 100). The populations had similar demography. Following multiple correction testing there were no differences in VSS features between the two groups. The same was true for the prevalence of migraine and previous use of recreational drugs. buy GNE-781 Conclusion This is the first study comparing the phenotype of VSS between two distinct populations. Our findings suggest that the visual snow phenotype, as well as migraine comorbidity, are similar across the two groups.Objectives Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are relevant modifiers of cardiovascular risk. Their independent effects on arterial stiffness have not been assessed in people with obesity. This study aimed to assess the independent effects of light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) physical activity and CRF on Pulse wave velocity (PWV). Methods Brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) was measured cross-sectionally in 55 subjects (43.0 ± 13.8 years; 66% women) with moderate cardiovascular risk. Body composition was assessed with bioelectrical impedance-analysis. Daily minutes of LPA and MVPA were measured by accelerometry and CRF (peak oxygen uptake [VO2 peak]) with spiroergometry. Independent effects of LPA, MVPA, and VO2 peak on baPWV were analyzed in an age-, sex-, body fat mass-, and blood pressure-adjusted ANOVA. Results Every 10 minutes increase of daily MVPA was associated with a 2.8% (0.32m/s [-0.64 to 0.001 m/s], P = .05) reduction of baPWV, whereas LPA and VO2 peak had only a little or no relevant effects on baPWV. Conclusions Higher MVPA is associated with lower composite arterial stiffness independent of CRF and the number of metabolic risk factors in patients with obesity and further metabolic risk factors. Thus, lifestyle interventions should aim for an increase in MVPA. BaPWV may improve the monitoring of favorable effects of MVPA, even if an improvement of VO2 peak cannot be obtained.