Mikkelsenbertelsen1333

Introduction Over 1 billion humans carry infectious helminth parasites that can lead to chronic comorbidities such as anemia and growth retardation in children. Danicopan Helminths induce a T-helper type 2 (Th2) immune response in the host and can cause severe tissue damage and fibrosis if chronic. We recently reported that mice infected with the soil-transmitted helminth, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, displayed elevated levels of endocannabinoids (eCBs) in the lung and intestine. eCBs are lipid-signaling molecules that control inflammation; however, their function in infection is not well defined. Materials and Methods A combination of pharmacological approaches and genetic mouse models was used to investigate roles for the eCB system in inflammatory responses and lung injury in mice during parasitic infection with N. brasiliensis. Results Hemorrhaging of lung tissue in mice infected with N. brasiliensis was exacerbated by inhibiting peripheral cannabinoid receptor subtype-1 (CB1Rs) with the peripherally restricted CB1R antagonist, AM6545. In addition, these mice exhibited an increase in nonfunctional alveolar space and prolonged airway eosinophilia compared to vehicle-treated infected mice. In contrast to mice treated with AM6545, infected cannabinoid receptor subtype-2-null mice (Cnr2-/-) did not display any changes in these parameters compared to wild-type mice. Conclusions Roles for the eCB system in Th2 immune responses are not well understood; however, increases in its activity in response to infection suggest an immunomodulatory role. Moreover, these findings suggest a role for eCB signaling at CB1Rs but not cannabinoid receptor subtypes-2 in the resolution of Th2 inflammatory responses, which become host destructive over time.Background Pharmacological management of chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) still represents a major clinical challenge. Collective harnessing of both the scientific evidence base and clinical experience (of clinicians and patients) can play a key role in informing treatment pathways and contribute to the debate on specific treatments (e.g., cannabinoids). A group of expert clinicians (pain specialists and psychiatrists), scientists, and patient representatives convened to assess the relative benefit-safety balance of 12 pharmacological treatments, including orally administered cannabinoids/cannabis-based medicinal products, for the treatment of CNP in adults. Methods A decision conference provided the process of creating a multicriteria decision analysis (MCDA) model, in which the group collectively scored the drugs on 17 effect criteria relevant to benefits and safety and then weighted the criteria for their clinical relevance. Findings Cannabis-based medicinal products consisting of tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabed. These results demonstrate once again the complexity and multimodal mechanisms underlying the clinical experience and impact of chronic pain.Introduction A recent law (DCTO-2020-883-APN-PTE-Law No. 27,350. Regulation) passed in Argentina put an end to the ban imposed for the last 60 years on cannabis cultivation within the country. The law permits restricted access to cannabis derivatives for medicinal, therapeutic, and palliative use by individuals and communities, allowing self- and community-based cannabis production. This is cause for concern in view of the lack of quality controls for cannabis derivatives. The several varieties of cannabis grown in Argentina have different chemical profiles and are processed in a variety of ways-mostly by alcohol extraction or maceration at different temperatures and for different amounts of times-making the cannabinoid content of these preparations highly variable. Determining the characteristics of home- and community-grown cannabis products will facilitate the implementation of public policies conducive to their safety and improvement. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the cannabinoid chemot inserts of commercial products. Conclusions Our results indicate that despite their considerable variability, homemade preparations as a whole show cannabinoid levels and profiles equivalent to the commercially available products commonly used for medicinal, therapeutic, and palliative purposes in Argentina.Background The nonpsychotropic phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) presents itself as a potentially safe and effective anti-inflammatory treatment relative to clinical standards. In this present study, we compare the capacity of CBD to the corticosteroid dexamethasone (Dex) in altering the secreted protein landscape of activated macrophages and speculate upon the mechanism underpinning these alterations. Materials and Methods Human THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages (THP-1 derived macrophages [tMACs]), activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then treated with 5, 10, 25, 50, or 100 μM CBD or 10 μM Dex for 24 h. Following treatment, cytotoxicity of CBD and protein expression levels from culture supernatants and from whole cell lysates were assessed for secreted and intracellular proteins, respectively. Results High concentration (50 and 100 μM) CBD treatments exhibit a cytotoxic effect on LPS-activated tMACs following the 24-h treatment. Relative to the LPS-activated and untreated control ntration CBD treatment. The data reported herein largely agree with other literature demonstrating the anti-inflammatory effects of CBD. However, there is discrepancy within literature surrounding efficacious concentrations and effects of CBD on specific secreted proteins. These data expand upon previous work investigating the effects of CBD on inflammatory protein expression in macrophages, as well as provide insight into the mechanism by which these effects are conferred.Introduction Cannabis use is common in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients frequently use cannabis to treat IBD-associated symptoms, and there is evidence that cannabis and its derivatives are helpful for this purpose. However, it is unclear how the symptom profiles of active IBD cannabis users and nonusers compare and how these symptoms may relate to their underlying disease state and/or complications. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study using a consented IBD natural history registry from a single tertiary care referral center between January 1, 2015 and August 31, 2020. We asked patients about current cannabis use and frequency. We also abstracted demographic and clinical characteristic information, including endoscopic severity, and totals and subscores of surveys assessing IBD characteristics, presence of anxiety/depression, and IBD-associated symptoms. We compared clinical and demographic factors of cannabis users and nonusers and developed a logistic regression model to evaluate for independent associations with cannabis use.