Meyersbek4191

This study assessed intake of iron-and-folic-acid (IFA) tablet/syrup (grouped into none, <100 days of IFA consumption or <100 IFA, and ≥100 days of IFA consumption or ≥100 IFA) among prospective mothers and its association with various stages of low-birthweight (ELBW extremely low-birthweight, VLBW very low-birthweight, and LBW low-birthweight) and neonatal mortality (death during day 0-1, 2-6, 7-27, and 0-27) in India.

The cross-sectional, nationally representative, 2015-2016 National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) data were used. Weighted descriptive analysis, and multiple binary logistic regression modelling were used.

NFHS-4 covered 640 districts from 37 states/ union territories of India.

A total of 120,374 and 143,675 index children aged 0-59 months were included to analyse LBW and neonatal mortality, respectively.

Overall, 30.7% mothers consumed ≥100 IFA in 2015-2016, and this estimate ranged from 0.0% in Zunheboto district of Nagaland state to 89.5% in Mahe district of Puducherry of India. Multiple regression analysis revealed that children of mothers who consumed ≥100 IFA had lower odds of ELBW, VLBW, LBW, and neonatal mortality during day 0-1, as compared to mothers who did not buy/receive any IFA. Consumption of IFA (<100 IFA and ≥100 IFA) had protective association with neonatal death during day 7-27, and 0-27. Consumption of IFA was not associated with neonatal death during day 2-6.

While ≥100 IFA consumption during pregnancy was found to be associated with preventing select types of LBW and neonatal mortality, a large variation in coverage of ≥100 IFA consumption across 640 districts is concerning.

While ≥100 IFA consumption during pregnancy was found to be associated with preventing select types of LBW and neonatal mortality, a large variation in coverage of ≥100 IFA consumption across 640 districts is concerning.

We aimed to compare the results of two surgical methods for the treatment of congenital supravalvular aortic stenosis.

From May 2004 to January 2020, 29 patients underwent surgical repair for supravalvular aportic stenosis in a single centre. The perioperative evaluation of the patients was retrospectively reviewed.

Fifteen (51.7%) and 14 (48.2%) patients were treated with the Doty and the McGoon methods, respectively. The median age of our cohort was 4.5 (3.0-9.9) years. Ten (34.5%) patients had Williams-Beuren syndrome, and pulmonary stenosis was observed in 12 (41.3%) patients. The median follow-up time was 2.5 (0.7-7.3) years. On follow-up, five patients had residual stenosis with the McGoon technique and one with the Doty technique (p = 0.05). One patient died early in the post-operative period in the Doty group, and three patients were re-operated on due to restenosis in the McGoon group. GSK-3 inhibitor review Freedom from re-operation in the Doty group at 1, 3, 5, and 10 years was 100%. In the McGoon group, freedom from re-operation rates at the 1-, 3-, and 7-year follow-up were 100, 88.9, and 44.4%, respectively (p = 0.08).

Our results with both surgical techniques suggest that supravalvular aortic stenosis can be treated with good results. The Doty method provided better relief for the supravalvular aortic segment, considering the residual stenosis and the re-operation rates.

Our results with both surgical techniques suggest that supravalvular aortic stenosis can be treated with good results. The Doty method provided better relief for the supravalvular aortic segment, considering the residual stenosis and the re-operation rates.

Securing the airway is a crucial stage of trauma care. Cricothyroidotomy (CRIC) is often addressed as a salvage procedure in complicated cases or following a failed endotracheal intubation (ETI). Nevertheless, it is a very important skill in prehospital settings, such as on the battlefield.

This study aimed to review the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) experience with CRIC over the past two decades.

The IDF Trauma Registry (IDF-TR) holds data on all trauma casualties (civilian and military) cared for by military medical teams since 1997. Data of all casualties treated by IDF from 1998 through 2018 were extracted and analyzed to identify all patients who underwent CRIC procedures.Variables describing the incident scenario, patient's characteristics, injury pattern, treatment, and outcome were extracted. The success rate of the procedure was described, and selected variables were further analyzed and compared using the Fisher's-exact test to identify their effect on the success and failure rates. Odds Ratio (g, injuries, and previous attempts with ETI. Care providers should be encouraged to retain and develop this skill as part of their tool box.

To examine minimum dietary diversity (MDD) trends and determinants among children aged 6-23 months.

Secondary analysis of the Indonesia Demographic and Health Surveys (IDHS) between 2007 and 2017. The primary outcome was MDD, the consumption of at least five out of eight food groups (MDD-8). We included a total of 5015 (IDHS 2007), 5050 (IDHS 2007) and 4925 (IDHS 2017) children aged 6 to 23 months to estimate trends of MDD-8 and to identify factors associated with MDD-8. We used multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for the complex sampling design to investigate the association between the study factors and MDD-8.

Indonesia.

A total of 14 990 children aged 6-23 months.

Over the 10 years, the percentage of children who consumed a diversified diet was 53·1 % in 2007, 51·7 % in 2012 and 53·7 % in 2017. Multivariate analyses showed that older age children, higher maternal education, maternal weekly access to media, paternal non-agricultural occupation, history of at least four antenatal care visits and wealthier households were associated with the increased odds of MDD-8. Children living in rural areas, Sulawesi and Eastern Indonesia, were less likely to eat a diversified diet.

The proportion of children meeting MDD-8 has stagnated in the last decade. Child, parental, health care, household and community factors are associated with MDD-8. Therefore, nutrition education programmes and behaviour change communication activities should target mothers and families from socio-economically and geographically disadvantaged populations.

The proportion of children meeting MDD-8 has stagnated in the last decade. Child, parental, health care, household and community factors are associated with MDD-8. Therefore, nutrition education programmes and behaviour change communication activities should target mothers and families from socio-economically and geographically disadvantaged populations.

Food literacy is the knowledge, skills and behaviours needed to meet food needs and determine intake and is conceptualised as 11 components under four domains of planning and managing, selecting, preparing, and eating. Previous measures of food literacy vary in their adherence to the conceptualisation and ability to capture totality of eating. This study aimed to determine items for inclusion and exclusion in a food literacy item pool and capture the general public's interpretation of everyday food literacy practices.

Beginning with an item pool from previous studies, cognitive interviews were conducted using think-aloud and verbal probing methods. Data were first analysed for applicability, clarity, ambiguity, and logic, then for emergent themes to ensure items captured the totality of the participant's eating.

Australia.

Australian residents over 18 years of age recruited via Facebook residential groups (n=20).

Of the original 116-items, 11 items had limited applicability; 13 items had unclear references; 32 items had lexical problems and 11 items had logical problems. In total, 29 items were deleted, 31 retained and 56 revised. Thematic analysis revealed participants limited their responses to consider only conventional practices such as grocery shopping, cooking and planned meals rather than the totality of their eating. An additional 84 items were developed to address eating out, incidental eating occasions and inconsistencies between participants assumed correct knowledge and that of public health guidelines. This resulted in a refined 171-item pool.

This study progresses the development toward a comprehensive, validated food literacy questionnaire.

This study progresses the development toward a comprehensive, validated food literacy questionnaire.A palliative approach to care aims to meet the needs of patients and caregivers throughout a chronic disease trajectory and can be delivered by non-palliative specialists. There is an important gap in understanding the perspectives and experiences of primary care providers on an integrated palliative approach in dementia care and the impact of existing programs and models to this end. To address these, we undertook a scoping review. We searched five databases; and used descriptive numerical summary and narrative synthesizing approaches for data analysis. We found that (1) difficulty with prognostication and a lack of interdisciplinary and intersectoral collaboration are obstacles to using a palliative approach in primary care; and (2) a palliative approach results in statistically and clinically significant impacts on community-dwelling individuals, specifically those with later stages of dementia. There is a need for high-quality research studies examining the integrated palliative approach models and initiation of these models sooner in the care trajectory for persons living with mild and moderate stages of dementia in the community.Previous studies evaluating the effects of betaine supplementation on body composition offer contradictory findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of betaine supplementation on body composition indices (body mass (BM), BMI, body fat percentage (BFP), fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM)), and dietary intakes. Studies examining the effects of betaine supplementation on body composition and dietary intakes published up to August 2021 were identified through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, SCOPUS and Ovid databases. Betaine supplementation failed to significantly affect BM ((weighted mean difference (WMD) -0·40 kg, 95 % CI -1·46, 0·64), P = 0·447), BMI ((WMD -0·05 kg/m2, 95 % CI -0·36, 0·25), P = 0·719), BFP ((WMD 0·26 %, 95 % CI -0·82, 1·36), P = 0·663), FM ((WMD -0·57 kg, 95 % CI -2·14, 0·99), P = 0·473) and FFM ((WMD 0·61 kg, 95 % CI -1·27, 2·49), P = 0·527). Subgroup analyses based on participant's age ( 40 years), sex, BMI, trial duration ( less then 8 and ≥ 8 weeks), betaine supplementation dosage ( less then 4 and ≥ 4 g) and health status (healthy or unhealthy) demonstrated similar results. Other than a potential negligible increase in protein intake (WMD 3·56 g, 95 % CI 0·24, 6·88, P = 0·035), no changes in dietary intakes were observed following betaine supplementation compared with control. The present systematic review and meta-analysis does not show any beneficial effects of betaine supplementation on body composition indices (BM, BMI, FM and FFM).Florida red scale, Chrysomphalus aonidum (L.) is a species of armored scales, which attacks citrus crops. Biological control, particularly ladybeetles, are critical for its management in citrus production systems. We evaluated predation of C. aonidum by adult and larvae (3rd-4th instar) of the metallic blue ladybeetle, Curinus coeruleus. C. coeruleus were tested against C. aonidum in three separate treatments on Valencia orange leaves in Petri-dish arenas (1) individuals with armor intact, (2) individuals with armor removed, and (3) mix of individuals with armor intact or removed, to determine if armor inflicts distraction to predator consumption of scale and impact. Within 24 h of exposure to C. aonidum, adult beetle consumption rate averaged 64-68% in the two treatments containing all or half of the individuals with armor, compared to 100% in the treatment with armor removed. The consumption rate in the former two treatments increased to 83-89% within 72 h. Larval consumption of C. aonidum with armor intact was 25% at 24 h and 41% at 72 h, compared to 92-100% in the treatment with armor removed.