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The relation between the regions where the fracture propagation path passed through and distribution of Haversian canals were also analyzed.The use of temporary hip prosthesis made of orthopedic cement (spacer) in conjunction with antibiotics became a widespread method used for treating prosthetic infections despite the fact that this method makes bone cement (PMMA) more fragile. The necessity to incorporate reinforcement is therefore crucial to strengthen the bone cement. In this study, a validated Finite Element Modelling (FEM) was used to analyze the behavior of spacers. This FEM model uses a non-linear dynamic explicit integration to simulate the mechanical behavior of the spacer under quasi-static loading. In addition to this FEM, Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) was also used to investigate the fracture behavior of the spacers reinforced with titanium, ceramic and stainless-steel spacer stems. Selleckchem INCB024360 The effect of the material on the performance of the reinforced spacers was also analyzed. The results showed that numerical modelling based on explicit finite element using ABAQUS/Explicit is an effective method to predict the different spacers' mechanical behavior. The simulated crack initiation and propagation were in a good agreement with experimental observations. The FEM models developed in this study can help mechanical designers and engineers to improve the prostheses' quality and durability.Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic maceration (UAEM) has gained considerable interest in the fruit juice industry, owing to its potential to increase juice yield and content of polyphenols while simultaneously saving time and energy. In this study, the effects of UAEM (ultrasonic probe, 20 kHz, 21 W*cm-2 and 33 W*cm-2) on pectin degradation in a continuous circulation system were investigated over 60 and 90 min. Main pectinolytic enzymes activities of (polygalacturonase, pectin lyase and pectin methylesterase) of a commercial enzyme preparation were examined for individual synergistic effects with US. Pectin hydrolysis by UAEM differed significantly compared to treatment with ultrasound or enzymes alone regarding the profile of degradation products compared to treatment with ultrasound or enzymes alone. Ultrasound fragmented pectin to less branched oligomers of medium molecular weight (Mp approx. 150 kDa), which were further degraded by pectinolytic activities. The low molecular weight fraction ( less then 30 kDa), which is known to be beneficial for juice-quality by adding nutritional value and stabilizing polyphenols, was enriched in small oligomers of homogalacturonan-derived, rhamnogalacturonan I-derived, and rhamnogalacturonan II-derived residues. Synergistic effects of ultrasound application enhanced the effective activities of polygalacturonase and pectin lyase and even prolonged their performance over 90 min, whereas the effective activity of pectin methylesterase was not affected. Final marker concentrations determined by each enzyme assay revealed a considerable higher total process output after UAEM treatment at reduced temperature (30 °C) comparable to the output after conventional batch maceration at 50 °C. The obtained results demonstrate the high potential of UAEM to produce high-quality juice by controlling pectin degradation while reducing process temperature and equally highlight the matrix and enzyme specific effects of a simultaneous US treatment.The exfoliation of bulk two-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) into few-layered nanosheets has attracted much attention recently. In this work, an environmental-friendly route has been developed for layered-MOF (MAMS-1) delamination using deep eutectic solvent (DES), which is more sustainable and efficient alternative than conventional organic solvents for MOF nanosheet preparation. Under sonication condition, DES as solvents, the highest exfoliation rate of MAMS-1 is up to 70% with two host layers via poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) surfactant-assisted method. The presence of tert-butyl exteriors and the atomically thickness endow the MOF nanosheets stable suspension for at least one month. Due to the 2D structure and excellent stability, MAMS-1 nanosheet (MAMS-1-NS) was chosen as a good candidate to encapsulate Eu3+ cations. The obtained Eu3+@MAMS-1-NS acts as a multi-responsive luminescent sensor through fluorescence quenching, and can specifically recognize Fe3+ (LOD = 0.40 μM, KSV = 1.05 × 105 M-l), Hg2+ (LOD = 0.038 μM, KSV = 5.78 × 106 M-l), Cr2O72- (LOD = 0.33 μM, KSV = 1.55 × 105 M-l) and MnO4- (LOD = 0.088 μM, KSV = 4.49 × 105 M-l). Compared with bulk Eu3+@MAMS-1, the sensitivity of Eu3+@MAMS-1-NS is greatly improved owing to its ultrathin nanosheet morphology and highly accessible active sites on the surface.

Weight bias towards individuals with obesity exists among medical professionals; yet, there is less evidence of the extent to which weight biases exist in different types of nursing professions. This study aimed to describe pediatric surgery and school nurses' weight biases towards children with obesity and examine factors associated with weight biases.

Pediatric surgery (n=108) and school nurses (n=177) completed a single online survey that assessed their attitudes towards weight regarding children with obesity. Responses were categorized as % agreement (responded "agree" or "strongly agree" to a given statement). Nurses also reported % time spent working with children who had obesity.

Almost all nurses (>93%) agreed it was important to treat patients with obesity with compassion and respect. However, many nurses endorsed statements stating that patients with obesity are often non-compliant with treatment recommendations (47%) and can be difficult to deal with (35%). Only about half of school nurses (53%) and surgical nurses (56%) felt professionally prepared to effectively treat patients with obesity. Nurses commonly reported hearing/witnessing other professionals in their field make negative comments (69%) or convey negative stereotypes (55%) about patients with obesity. School nurses who spent a greater % of time working with children with overweight had more positive weight attitudes (p=0.04).

Negative attitudes towards patients with obesity were relatively prevalent in this population of pediatric surgery and school nurses.

There is a need for more educational opportunities, professional trainings, and policy initiatives to reduce weight bias among nurses.

There is a need for more educational opportunities, professional trainings, and policy initiatives to reduce weight bias among nurses.