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Few chairs (31%) and program directors (39%) hold leadership positions at the institution at which they trained, however a larger proportion (52.8%, 58.4%) remain or return to the same region. Finally, 34.7% of chairs and 32.5% of program directors had some institutional exposure to where they currently practice, through medical school or training.

Cardiothoracic department chairs and program directors represent an important group of surgical leaders within our evolving field. As we better understand this group of surgeon-leaders, young trainees and junior faculty that aspire for leadership positions may have a clearer idea of the path to these positions.

Cardiothoracic department chairs and program directors represent an important group of surgical leaders within our evolving field. As we better understand this group of surgeon-leaders, young trainees and junior faculty that aspire for leadership positions may have a clearer idea of the path to these positions.The aim of this research is to analyse the spatial epidemiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and investigate associations with the built environment in urban New Zealand. Data on T2DM was sourced from the New Zealand Virtual Diabetes Register (2016), and data on environmental variables sourced from the Ministry for Primary Industries and Territorial Authorities (2013-2016). Novel measures of the built environment using an enhanced two-step floating catchment area model were established using data on fast food outlets, takeaways, dairy/convenience stores, supermarkets and fruit/vegetable stores. Rates of T2DM per 1000 population and standardised morbidity ratios were computed and visualised for all urban areas. Getis Ord was used to assess spatial clustering, and Bayesian modelling was used to understand associations between T2DM and environmental variables. Results indicate that T2DM is influenced by demographic factors, spatially clustered and associated with accessibility to environmental exposures. Health-promoting resources, such as fruit/vegetable stores, were shown to have a consistently protective effect on T2DM while those considered detrimental to health showed varying, and largely insignificant, associations. This is the first study in New Zealand to spatially quantify the effects of multiple environmental exposures on population level T2DM for all urban areas using a geospatial approach. It has implications for both policy and future research efforts as a deeper knowledge of local environments forms a basis on which to better understand spatial associations between the built environment and health, as well as formulate policy directed toward environmental influences on chronic health conditions.Medial discoid meniscus is a rare entity with a reported incidence of 0.12 to 0.3%, although the real incidence may be greater because not all the patients are symptomatic. Like lateral discoid menisci, medial discoid menisci are prone to degeneration that may prompt the presence of mechanical symptoms at early age. We present the case of a 14 year old male patient with bilateral knee symptoms of insidious onset without a traumatic event. Magnetic resonance revealed bilateral medial discoid menisci. Arthroscopic medial meniscus remodelling was performed in the right knee and, three months later, in the left knee, due to limitating mechanical symptoms. At the latest follow up -6 months for the right knee, 3 months for the left knee-, the patient resumed his sports activities.

To determine the spectrum of non-interventional radiology fellowship programs in institutions that offer both a radiology residency program and one or more non-interventional radiology fellowship programs.

Institutions offering both radiology residency and non-interventional radiology fellowship programs were identified using publicly available websites. The non-interventional radiology fellowship programs were categorized into "traditional" (neuroradiology, breast imaging, abdominal imaging, musculoskeletal imaging, thoracic imaging, pediatric radiology, and nuclear medicine) and "nontraditional" fellowship programs. The nontraditional programs were stratified into four categories a) Combinations of traditional fellowships; b) Focused nontraditional fellowships; c) Combinations of traditional and focused nontraditional fellowships (excluding traditional-traditional combinations); and d) Mandatory two-year fellowships. The distributions of the different types of traditional and nontraditional fellowship praditional non-interventional radiology fellowship programs are formed by a heterogeneous group of programs, some of which are offered exclusively at a single institution. Awareness of the types of existing programs would help radiology residents in making a more informed decision regarding their fellowship training.

Accumulating evidence has linked distinct associations of red/processed and white meat consumption with chronic diseases and longevity among the general population. However, the associations of meat consumption and changes with mortality among hypertensive patients remain unknown. We aimed to assess the associations of red and white meat consumption with all-cause mortality among hypertensive patients in China.

We followed 8095 hypertensive patients from the China Health and Nutrition Survey between 1991 and 2015. In each survey year, 3-day 24-h dietary records were used to collect dietary data. Cumulative averages of dietary meat intake after the diagnosis of hypertension were calculated. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality.

Overall 927 deaths were documented among these hypertensive patients during an average of 11.4 years of follow-up. Red meat consumption was positively associated with all-cause mortality atensive patients. Our findings suggest replacing red meat consumption with healthy alternative foods for long-term survival among hypertensive patients.

Assessment of Fat Mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) using Air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) technique assumes constant density of FFM (D

) by age and sex. It has been recently shown that D

further varies according to body mass index (BMI), meaning that ADP body composition assessments of children with obesity could be biased if D

is assumed to be constant. The aim of this study was to validate the use of the calculations of D

(rather than constant density of the FFM) to improve accuracy of body composition assessment in children with obesity.

cross-sectional validation study in 66 children with obesity (aged 8-14 years) where ADP assessments of body composition assuming constant density (FFM

and FM

were compared to those where D

was adjusted in relation to BMI (FFM

and FM

), and both compared to the gold standard reference, the 4-component model (FFM

and FM

).

FFM

was overestimated by 1.50kg (95%CI -0.68kg, 3.63kg) while FFM

was 0.71kg (-1.08kg, 2.51kg) (percentage differences compared to FFM

were 4.9% (±2.9%) and 2.8% (±2.1%), respectively (p<0.001)). Consistently, FM was underestimated by both methods, representing a mean difference between methods of 4.0% (±2.9%) and 6.8% (±3.8%), respectively, when compared to the reference method. The agreement and reliability of body composition assessments were improved when adjusted using calculations (adjusted models) rather than assuming constant D

.

The use of constant values for fat-free mass properties may increase bias when assessing body composition (FM and FFM) in children with obesity by two-component techniques such as ADP. Using adjusted corrections as proposed in the present work may reduce the bias by half.

The use of constant values for fat-free mass properties may increase bias when assessing body composition (FM and FFM) in children with obesity by two-component techniques such as ADP. Using adjusted corrections as proposed in the present work may reduce the bias by half.Leishmaniasis is prevalent in Southern Europe, the Middle East, India, Africa, and Central and South America. Cutaneous leishmaniasis may spontaneously heal over time without treatment; however, risk of visceral dissemination and the impact of cosmetic defect are important concerns. We report a Case of cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient who ever traveled to Mexico before the onset of a deteriorating wound around the swollen left eyebrow. check details of infection with Leishmania mexicana was made based on histopathological examination and molecular identification. Systemic treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and ketoconazole were administered with gradual healing of the lesion. Also, this traveler case implicates that the spread of endemic parasitic diseases may be a concealed risk on the public health for Taiwan underlying globalization.

The current treatment for acute retrograde type A intramural haematoma (IMH) remains challenging. Aortic remodelling in both the ascending aorta (AA) and descending thoracic aorta (DTA) was evaluated and the 30 day and mid term outcomes were determined in patients who underwent thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair (TEVAR) for retrograde type A IMH with a primary intimal tear or ulcer like projection in the DTA METHODS This was a retrospective, multicentre observational study. Clinical data, including post-operative mortality and adverse event, aorta related re-intervention, aortic remodelling, and the survival rate of 18 non-consecutive patients with acute retrograde type A IMH undergoing TEVAR between June 2006 and March 2018 were reviewed.

The median age at repair was 58.1 years (range 38-86) and 14 (78%) were men. #link# Eight patients (44%) presented with haemopericardium, and 10 (56%) underwent TEVAR within 24h. The mean IMH thickness and AA diameter were 10.4±3.6 and 45.7±4.6mm, respectively. Among all patients with acute retrograde type A IMH, 11 patients presented with classical type B aortic dissection and seven with type B IMH. link2 All procedures were technically successful. The median follow up was 28.7 months (range 7-78). No 30 day mortality was observed. Three patients developed post-procedure adverse events. Of these, two patients had neurological events, with one each having cerebrovascular and spinal cord infarction individually, and the third patient required long term haemodialysis with ventilator support. The overall survival rate was 100%. The maximum diameter of the AA and the IMH in the AA significantly decreased after TEVAR. Aortic remodelling was also observed in the DTA along the length of TEVAR coverage.

In selected patients with acute retrograde type A IMH, TEVAR offered a treatment alternative to open surgical grafting and medical follow up.

In selected patients with acute retrograde type A IMH, TEVAR offered a treatment alternative to open surgical grafting and medical follow up.

Radical excision of retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal soft tissue sarcomas may necessitate vessel resection and reconstruction. The aim of this study was to assess surgical results of retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal sarcomas involving major blood vessels.

This was a retrospective single centre cohort study and a comprehensive review of literature. Patients with retroperitoneal or intra-abdominal sarcomas treated by the oncovascular team in Helsinki University Hospital from 2010 to 2018 were reviewed for vascular and oncological outcomes. link3 A comprehensive literature review of vascular reconstructions in patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma was performed.

Vascular reconstruction was performed in 17 patients, 11 of whom required arterial reconstructions. Sixteen of the operations were sarcoma resections; the post-operative diagnosis for one patient was thrombosis instead of the presumed recurrent leiomyosarcoma. Early graft thrombosis occurred in two venous and one arterial reconstruction. Late thrombosis was detected in three (18%).