Mcdermottrivas2794

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of fermented Maillard reaction products made by milk proteins (FMRPs) on Clostridium perfringens, and to elucidate antimicrobial modes of FMRPs on the bacteria, using physiological and morphological analyses.

Antimicrobial effects of FMRPs [whey protein plus galactose fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus 4B15 (Gal-4B15) or Lactobacillus gasseri 4M13 (Gal-4M13), and whey protein plus glucose fermented by L. rhamnosus 4B15 (Glc-4B15) or L. gasseri 4M13 (Glc-4M13)] on C. perfringens were tested by examining growth responses of the pathogen. Iron chelation activity analysis, propidium iodide uptake assay, and morphological analysis with field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) were conducted to elucidate the modes of antimicrobial activities of FMRPs.

When C. perfringens were exposed to the FMRPs, C. perfringens cell counts were decreased (p<0.05) by the all tested FMRPs; iron chelation activities by FMRPs, except for Glc-4M13. Propidium iodide uptake assay indicated that bacterial cellular damage increased in all FMRPs-treated C. perfringens, and it was observed by FE-SEM.

These results indicated that the FMRPs can destroy C. perfringens by iron chelation and cell membrane damage. Thus, it may be used in dairy products, and controlling intestinal C. perfringens.

These results indicated that the FMRPs can destroy C. perfringens by iron chelation and cell membrane damage. Itacnosertib solubility dmso Thus, it may be used in dairy products, and controlling intestinal C. perfringens.

The PAEP (progestagen-associated endometrial protein) gene encodes the main whey protein in milk, β-lactoglobulin. The aim of the study was to investigate polymorphism in the PAEP gene and its association with milk yield, composition, and quality.

Test-day records for 782 dairy cows were analysed. A total of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within the PAEP gene were investigated. The following parameters were recorded milk yield (MY, kg/day), percent milk fat (FP, %), protein (PP, %), dry matter (DMP, %) and lactose (LP, %), urea content (UC, mg/l) as well as natural logarithm for somatic cell count (LnSCC, ln). Effect on (G)EBVs accuracy was evaluated with pedigree and single step model.

Results show that only three SNPs were polymorphic, creating 5 composite genotypes P1-P5. Differences in MY between composite genotypes were noted in the two tested herds. Cows with P5 composite genotypes were characterised by the highest PP and LnSCC and the lowest LP and UC (P<0.05). P4 was linked to an increased DMP and UC, while P3 to an increase in LP and decrease in PP and LnSCC. Both of these factors are very important markers in herd management and have high influences on the herds economics. For 5 out of 7 traits the accuracy of prediction was improved by including the haplotype as a fixed effect.

Presented results may suggest a new way to optimise breeding programmes and demonstrate the impact of using genomic data during that process.

Presented results may suggest a new way to optimise breeding programmes and demonstrate the impact of using genomic data during that process.

This study was conducted to investigate the potential effects of prolonged photoperiod on the serum lipids, carcass traits, and meat quality of Jinjiang cattle during winter.

Thirty-four Jinjiang bulls aged between 14 and 16 months were randomly assigned to two groups that were alternatively subjected to either natural daylight +4 h supplemental light (long photoperiod, LP) or natural daylight (natural photoperiod, NP) for 96 days. The potential effects on the levels of serum lipids, carcass traits, meat quality, and genes regulating lipid metabolism in the intramuscular fat (IMF) of the cattle were evaluated.

Jinjiang cattle kept under LP showed significant increase in both dry matter intake (DMI) and backfat thickness. the serum glucose (Glu) and the plasma leptin levels were significantly reduced, while that of melatonin and insulin were observed to be increased. The crude fat contents of biceps femoris muscle and longissimus dorsi muscle were higher in LP than in NP group. In longissimus dorsi muscltly altered the growth performance, hormonal levels, gene expression and fat deposition in Jinjiang cattle. It suggested that the LP improved the fat deposition by regulating the levels of different hormones and genes related to lipid metabolism, thereby improving the fattening of Jinjiang cattle during winter.

This study investigated the association between feed efficiency, physicochemical properties, flavor precursors and biomolecules in the thigh meat of Korat (KR) chickens.

The feed intake and body weight of individual male KR chickens were recorded from 1 to 10 weeks old to calculate the individual Residual Feed Intake (RFI) of 75 birds. At 10 weeks of age, chickens with the 10 highest (HRFI) and lowest RFI (LRFI) were slaughtered to provide thigh meat samples. The physicochemical properties (ultimate pH, water holding capacity (WHC), drip loss) and flavor precursors (guanosine monophosphate, inosine monophosphate (IMP), adenosine monophosphate and inosine) were analyzed conventionally, and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the composition of biomolecules (lipids, ester lipids, amide I, amide II, amide III, and carbohydrates) and the secondary structure of the proteins. A group t-test was used to determine significant differences between mean values and Principal Component Analysi with different RFI differed in physiochemical properties affecting meat texture, and in the contents of flavor precursors and biomolecules affecting the nutritional value of meat. This information can help animal breeders to make genetic improvements by taking more account of traits related to RFI.

The swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) gene group, which is closely linked and highly polymorphic, has important biomedical significance in the protection and utilization of germplasm resources. However, genetic polymorphism analyses of SLA microsatellite markers in Chinese miniature pigs are limited.

Eighteen pairs of microsatellite primers were used to amplify the SLA regions of seven miniature pig breeds and three wild boar breeds (n=346) from different regions of China. The indexes of genetic polymorphism, including expected heterozygosity (He), polymorphic information content (PIC), and haplotype, were analyzed. The genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods were used for cluster analysis of the breeds.

In miniature pigs, the SLA I region had the highest numbers of polymorphisms, followed by the SLA II and SLA III regions; the region near the centromere had the lowest number of polymorphisms. Among the seven miniature pig breeds, Diannan small-ear pigs had the highest genetic diversity (PIC value=0.