Mccraysmith3984

Planning pregnancy is very important to ensure the most comfortable and optimal conditions for conception, gestation and the subsequent birth of a healthy child. This review examines the effects and mechanisms of the damaging effect of external factors, social habits and certain diseases on the ejaculate quality, as well as ways to overcome them aiming to optimum preparation of a man to conceive. Several studies have shown an inverse relationship between semen quality and common diseases. Unfavorable environmental conditions, varicocele, endocrine causes, such as diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome, are thought to be among the factors that could adversely affect the quality of sperm. Oxidative stress in the testicular microenvironment may lead to suppression of spermatogenesis and sperm DNA damage resulting in a decrease of their mobility and causing morphological abnormalities.The authors present a review of literature on the use of litholytic citrate medications for conservative management of urolithiasis. Urate urolithiasis is the most common clinical condition encountered by urologists. Citrate agents, in particular Blemaren, not only may be employed in a conservative therapy of uric acid stones, but can also be successfully used in the treatment of the calcium urolithiasis, i.e. mixed composition stones, which is supported by current international urology guidelines.A broad range of pathologic conditions of the ureter (strictures, obliterations, fistulas, and so on) requiring reconstructive plastic surgery is a challenging urological problem. A variety of approaches to solve the problem indicates the need of searching for new opportunities. A new direction in reconstructive surgery of the ureter is the tissue engineering. Tissue engineering involves the usage of matrices and cells. The matrices can be used both with cultured cells, and without them. This review represents the results of preclinical studies on feasibility of tissue engineering using as a matrix both natural and synthetic materials for different ureter impairments. Presently, there are no data on the use of tissue-engineering for the ureter reconstruction in clinical trials (i.e. involving human subjects). The results of studies presented in the review inspire certain optimism, but ureteral tissue-engineering is a difficult task requiring a balanced approach and well-thought-out design of preclinical studies.The article presents results of electrophysiological study of the function of the ureter in the frequency range of 0.6-35 Hz, conducted in 100 children aged 5 to 13 years with chronic pyelonephritis. Data of 35 healthy people were used as a control. It was shown that the features of ureter contractions were significantly different in the two groups. Marked decrease of amplitudes of signal harmonics was found at a frequency of 1.4 Hz in patients with pyelonephritis compared to controls. Myostimulation in pyelonephritis group has led to an approximation of harmonic amplitudes to the values of the control group.Treatment of chronic prostatitis is a vital and complicated problem, in which a large number of stamps and "stereotyped" approaches often result in uncured patients. The increasing use of intracellular microorganisms in prostatitis etiology requires a modification in the standard approaches. TAURUS study shows high efficacy of doxycycline (Unidox Solutab®) and/or josamycin (Wilprafen®) in chronic prostatitis. Therapy, studied in this program, according to physicians, was effective in 93.2% of patients. Treatment failure was observed in 1.3% of all patients, another 5.5% of patients had insufficient data for assessment. Low incidence of adverse reactions was observed. In the study population, adverse reactions occurred in 2.6% of patients, of them serious adverse events were registered in 0.7% of patients. The most common adverse event in all treatment groups was diarrhea.This study presents results of 113 infertile couples treated with supplements speroton and pregnoton containing folic acid, L-carnitine, vitamin E, zinc, and other vitamins and minerals. Infertility in couples was due to both the pathology of spermatogenesis, and female genital diseases. It has been demonstrated that intake of Speroton restores impaired motility in the ejaculate of patients with several forms of pathospermia, and Pregnoton ensure its preservation in vaginal secretions.The aim of the paper was to evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic uretero-cysto-anastomosis (UCA) in patients with lower ureteral strictures of various etiologies. Over the period from 2010 to 2014, 12 patients (8 females and 4 males) aged 19 to 64 years (mean age 35.6 ± 8.5 years) underwent laparoscopic UCA. In all females, iatrogenic ureteral injury occurred during gynecological surgery. Types of gynecological surgeries were an open or laparoscopic hysterectomy (5), excision of endometriosis nodules (2), and resection of the ovaries (1). In men indications for surgery were ureteral strictures after ureteroscopy (3) and neuromuscular dysplasia (1). The operation was performed in lithotomy position by transperitoneal access using 4 trocars. In all cases, extravesical ureteral reimplantation into the bladder was performed. The stent was removed after week four, excretory urography and cystography were conducted. The operation was thought to be successful in all patients. There were no cases of conversion and no need in blood transfusion. In 4 patients we performed psoas-hitch + UCA, in 2--Boari operation, in 5--direct UCA. The patient with neuromuscular dysplasia longitudinal resection of the lower third of the ureter was carried out. Then it was sutured on the stent by interrupted sutures, and extravesical implantation into the bladder was performed. Mean duration of surgery was 145 minutes (110 to 230 minutes), mean blood loss--180 ml (from 120 to 245 ml). Passive asymptomatic vesicoureteral reflux was observed in 3 patients. Laparoscopic UCA is a highly effective intervention with the functional results similar to those of open surgery.Results of laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) with different the methods of the upper urinary tract (UUT) stenting were compared. A total of 76 patients with hydronephrosis were enrolled in the study. Antegrade and retrograde ureteral stenting was used in 42 (55.2%) and 34 (44.8%) patients, respectively. In the first group after resection of the narrowed pyeloureteral segment (PUS) and formation of posterior wall of pyeloureteral anastomosis, antegrade stent was placed into the bladder, which followed by suturing of anterior wall of pyeloureteral anastomosis. While performing transurethral ureteral stenting, cystoscopy with retrograde ureteropyelography was carried out in lithotomy position, and the stent was put into the renal pelvis. Next, the patient was put into the lateral position, and LP was performed by transperitoneal access. There were no cases of conversion. The duration of the LP with antegrade stenting was significantly shorter than LP with retrograde stenting--135 versus 170 minutes (p less then 0.05). Differences in the blood loss (55 ± 20 and 60 ± 15 ml) and the length of hospital stay (5 ± 2 and 6 ± 1 day) were not statistically significant. In the group of retrograde stenting there were two cases of stent migration, which required repositioning of the stents. In one patient with antegrade stent placement, the distal end of the stent curled in ureterovesical junction. The stent position was corrected during the ureteroscopy. There was one case of antegrade stenting failure requiring ureteroscopy with retrograde ureteral stenting. Laparoscopic pyeloplasty is an efficient method of surgical management of patients with PUS narrowing. The duration of antegrade stenting was significantly shorter than retrograde stenting. LP with antegrade ureteral stenting as compared to LP with retrograde stenting enables significantly reduced surgery duration.Interstitial laser coagulation (ILC) is one of the minimally invasive and minimally traumatic methods for the destruction of small lesions in various organs and tissues. Selection of the optimal operation and exposure mode is critical for the safe use of ILC in clinical practice. The in-vivo study of ILC effects on bladder tissue was carried out in 6 rabbits weighing less than 3 kg. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the tissue was done directly after the ILK procedure, on days 3 and 7, 14 and 21 following specimen collection of experimental animals. Safety and efficacy of ND YAG laser impact on bladder tissues were confirmed by morphological study, which established phasing and extent of changes in the bladder tissues. The results allow us to recommend ILC application for the destruction of small size bladder tumors without impairment of the bladder functions, as well as for the treatment of bottom after transurethral resection of bladder cancer.The aim of the study was to analyze the role of the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin systems in the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer (PCa) and use the findings for identification of new markers of the disease. Analysis of proteolytic disturbances in the prostatic secretions in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer based on the identification of key indicators of the kallikrein-kinin and renin-angiotensin system in the prostate secretion showed that kallikrein activity in prostate cancer is higher and the activity of angiotensin converting enzymes (ACE), by contrast, is lower than in BPH, apparently reflecting the reduction of angiotensin II and increase of the bradykinin content. A characteristic feature of prostate cancer is a dramatic increase in the inhibitory capacity of prostate secretion. It was found that in BPH patients, expression of B1 receptors in the prostate tissue is completely absent. The specific response with anti-B1 antibodies in the glandular epithelium was observed in malignant foci acini and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Cell Cycle inhibitor In contrast, expression of the B2 receptors occurs in the stroma of both BPH and prostate cancer independent of stage and Gleason score. Indicators of kallikrein and ACE activity in prostate secretion and expression of the B1 receptors in prostate tissue may be utilized for prostate cancer diagnosis.Not long ago, survival rates were the primary outcome measures of surgical management of prostate cancer. Currently, more attention is paid to the quality of life, because even minor changes in the quality of life can lead to serious alterations in the psycho-emotional status and significantly reduce patients' self-esteem. Most experts believe that the quality of life of patients treated for prostate cancer, is mostly affected by urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction, urethral stricture, and bowel dysfunction. Thanks to advances in the treatment of prostate cancer, the incidence of complications was reduced to a minimum. To some extent, this was due to the use of novel minimally invasive treatment for prostate cancer, such as cryoablation, interstitial brachytherapy and HIFU-therapy. The quality of life in 65 patients undergoing cryoablation of the prostate was evaluated using EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Analyzing the findings of the survey enabled us to estimate the patients' quality of life, as well as to identify the various components of the postoperative health problems.