Maylu4611

The LUR/BME model performed better (R2 = 0.80, root mean squared error [RMSE] = 23.5 μg/m3) than the ordinary spatio-temporal kriging model that either included "soft" data (R2 = 0.57, RMSE = 49.2 μg/m3) or did not include the "soft" data (R2 = 0.52, RMSE = 58.5 μg/m3). We have demonstrated that a hybrid LUR/BME model can provide accurate predictions of O3 concentrations with high spatio-temporal resolution at the national scale in mainland China.Classic psychological theories have demonstrated the power and limitations of spatial representations, providing geometric tools for reasoning about the similarity of objects and showing that human intuitions sometimes violate the constraints of geometric spaces. Recent machine learning methods for deriving vector-space embeddings of words have begun to garner attention for their surprising capacity to capture simple analogies consistently across large corpora, giving new life to a classic model of analogies as parallelograms that was first proposed and briefly explored by psychologists. We evaluate the parallelogram model of analogy as applied to modern data-driven word embeddings, providing a detailed analysis of the extent to which this approach captures human behavior in the domain of word pairs. Using a large novel benchmark dataset of human analogy completions, we show that word similarity alone surprisingly captures some aspects of human responses better than the parallelogram model. To gain a fine-grained picture of how well these models predict relational similarity, we also collect a large dataset of human relational similarity judgments and find that the parallelogram model captures some semantic relationships better than others. Finally, we provide evidence for deeper limitations of the parallelogram model of analogy based on the intrinsic geometric constraints of vector spaces, paralleling classic results for item similarity. Taken together, these results show that while modern word embeddings do an impressive job of capturing semantic similarity at scale, the parallelogram model alone is insufficient to account for how people form even the simplest analogies.Recent research suggests that graphic motor programs acquired through writing are part of letter representations and contribute to their recognition. Indeed, learning new letter-like shapes through handwriting gave rise to better recognition than learning through typing on a keyboard. However, handwriting and typing do not differ solely by the nature of the motor activity. Handwriting requires a detailed visual analysis in order to reproduce all elements of the target shape. In contrast, typing relies on visual discrimination between graphic forms and does not require such detailed processing. The aim of the present study was to disentangle the respective contribution of visual analysis and graphomotor knowledge. We compared handwriting and typing to learning by composition, a new method which requires a detailed visual analysis of the target without the specific graphomotor activity. Participants composed the target symbols by selecting elementary features from the set displayed on the screen and dragging them in the appropriate position. In four experiments, adult participants learned sets of symbols through handwriting, typing or composition. Recognition tests were administered immediately after the learning phase and again two to three weeks later. Taken together, the results of the four experiments confirm the importance of the detailed visual analysis and provide no evidence for an influence of motor knowledge.Common body composition estimation techniques necessitate assumptions of uniform fat-free mass (FFM) characteristics, although variation due to sex, race, and body characteristics may occur. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1999 to 2004, during which paired dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioimpedance spectroscopy assessments were performed, were used to estimate FFM characteristics in a sample of 4619 US adults. selleck Calculated FFM characteristics included the density and water, bone mineral, and residual content of FFM. A rapid 4-component model was also produced using DXA and bioimpedance spectroscopy data. Study variables were compared across sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), and age categories using multiple pairwise comparisons. A general linear model was used to estimate body composition after controlling for other variables. Statistical analyses accounted for 6-year sampling weights and complex sampling design of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and were based on 5 multiply imputed datasets. Differences in FFM characteristics across sex, race, and BMI were observed, with notable dissimilarities between men and women for all outcome variables. In racial/ethnic comparisons, non-Hispanic blacks most commonly presented distinct FFM characteristics relative to other groups, including greater FFM density and proportion of bone mineral. Body composition errors between DXA and the 4-component model were significantly influenced by sex, age, race, and BMI. In conclusion, FFM characteristics, which are often assumed in body composition estimation methods, vary due to sex, race/ethnicity, and weight status. The variation of FFM characteristics in diverse populations should be considered when body composition is evaluated.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common malignancies of the skin. Even though most patients are sufficiently treated by surgical resection, some will eventually metastasize and need systemic therapy. Phase I and II studies have shown efficacy for programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors, but cohort sizes are low and real-world data especially on long-term outcome are pending.

Patients from six German skin cancer centers treated with PD-1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab, nivolumab or cemiplimab) for advanced cSCC were retrospectively studied. Internal patient records were analyzed for clinical outcome including response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and toxicity.

Of 46 evaluable patients (median age 76 years), the overall response rate (RR) was 58.7%, including 15.2% with complete response. The disease control rate was 80.4%. Both median PFS and OS were not reached, Kaplan-Meier estimated 1-year PFS was 58.8%. Patients responding to therapy showed durable remission.