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Infants with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and expected mild pulmonary hypoplasia have an estimated survival rate of 90%. Cell Cycle inhibitor Current guidelines for delivery room management do not consider the individual patient's disease severity, but an individualized approach with spontaneous breathing instead of routine mechanical ventilation could be beneficial for the mildest cases. We developed a resuscitation algorithm for this individualized approach serving two purposes improving the success rate by structuring the approach and providing a guideline for other centers.

An initial algorithm was discussed with all local stakeholders. Afterwards, the resulting algorithm was refined using input from international experts.

Eligible CDH infants left-sided defect, observed to expected lung-to-head ratio ≥50%, gestational age at birth ≥37.0 weeks, and no major associated structural or genetic abnormalities. To facilitate fetal-to-neonatal transition, we propose to start stabilization with non-invasive respiratory support and to adjust this individually.

Infants with mild CDH might benefit from an individualized approach for neonatal resuscitation. Herein, we present an algorithm that could serve as guidance for centers implementing this.

Infants with mild CDH might benefit from an individualized approach for neonatal resuscitation. Herein, we present an algorithm that could serve as guidance for centers implementing this.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGPN), which is featured by inflammatory destruction of renal parenchyma and fibrosis of kidney, occurs mainly among adults, sporadically among children and rarely among infants. Recurrent urinary tract infections, kidney stone-induced obstructive nephropathy, malnutrition, abnormal lipid metabolism, hypoimmunity, lymphatic obstruction and congenital urinary abnormalities may all cause XGPN among children. Its primary treatment is radical nephrectomy.

In this study, we describe a rare case of XGPN in a 7-year-old boy infected with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The child presented with symptoms including recurrent fever, urine culture negative. The postoperative pathology confirmed XGPN. Besides, partial nephrectomy was performed.

XGPN, as a special type of chronic pyelonephritis, is a rare pyelonephritis requiring surgical treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to reducing its morbidity and mortality. Although radical nephrectomy is the primary therapeutic option for patients with XGPN, partial nephrectomy surgery should be considered for focal XGPN, aiming to preserve residual renal function in children as far as possible.

XGPN, as a special type of chronic pyelonephritis, is a rare pyelonephritis requiring surgical treatment. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to reducing its morbidity and mortality. Although radical nephrectomy is the primary therapeutic option for patients with XGPN, partial nephrectomy surgery should be considered for focal XGPN, aiming to preserve residual renal function in children as far as possible.

This study aimed to investigate neonatal sepsis as potential risk factor for adverse behavioral outcome in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) at preschool age. Regardless of improvements in the obstetric and neonatal intensive care, preterm infants are still at high risk for behavioral problems later in life. The spectrum, origin and potential risk factors of these behavioral problems have not been well-defined.

In this retrospective observational study, the influence of culture-proven neonatal sepsis on the behavioral outcome of VLBWI born at a gestational age <32 weeks was analyzed at 5 years of age in a multivariable regression model. Behavior was assessed with the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Neonatal morbidities, socioeconomic status and neurodevelopmental outcome served as covariates in the analysis.

312 VLBWI entered the final analysis, of whom 11% had experienced neonatal sepsis. Neonatal sepsis appeared to be a relevant risk factor for both internalizing, i.e., emotional reactivity anepsis, have an impact on behavioral outcome of VLBWI at preschool age.

Childhood primary brain tumors (CPBT) are the second largest group of childhood malignancies and associated with a high risk for endocrine late effects.

To assess endocrine late effects and their relevance for the development of osteopathologies in survivors.

This single center cross sectional study investigated data from 102 CPBT survivors with a mean age of 13.0 years and a mean age at diagnosis of 8.7 years. Clinical, biochemical, radiographic, and anamnestic data regarding endocrine and bone health were obtained at study visits. In addition, data regarding tumor stage and therapy was obtained by chart review. An expert opinion was applied to define presence of osteopathologies.

Impaired bone health, defined by at least one pathological screening parameter, was present in 65% of patients. 27.5% were found to have overt osteopathologies per expert opinion. 37.8% displayed a severe vitamin D deficiency (25-OH vitamin D < 10 ng/ml) and 11% a secondary hyperparathyroidism. Patients with osteopatholoteopathologies are present in this cohort. A prominent effect of hormonal deficiencies on bone health was not detected, possibly because patients were sufficiently treate for their endocrine conditions or indicating resilience of the childhood bone remodeling process. Vitamin D deficiency is frequent and should be treated as recommended.

The burden of disease caused by tobacco use is a grave public health concern in China. Preventing smoking initiation among adolescents will lower the prevalence of adult tobacco use later. Surveillance of tobacco use among adolescents helps set priorities in developing tobacco control policies. We aim to ascertain the prevalence and differences of cigarette use across sex, grade, and region among middle and high school students in 2019 and associated changes from 2013-14 to 2019 among middle school students.

Using a multistage stratified cluster-randomized sampling design with national and provincial representativeness, we conducted two school-based cross-sectional surveys in 2013-14 and in 2019. A total of 155 117 middle school students in grades 7-9 in 2013-14 and 288 192 middle and high school students in grades 7-12 in 2019 were interviewed. Self-reported experimental and current (past 30-day) cigarette use among middle school and high school students; frequent use (≥20 days in the past 30 days) and iette use among Chinese adolescents differs across sex and regions, with higher rates among boys, in rural areas, and in the Western region (low socioeconomic status). Smoking is much more prevalent in vocational high schools than the other settings. Effective targeted tobacco control interventions among adolescents are urgently needed in China.

Dr. Zhuo Chen is supported by National Natural Science Foundation (Grant# 72174098) through the University of Nottingham Ningbo China.

Dr. Zhuo Chen is supported by National Natural Science Foundation (Grant# 72174098) through the University of Nottingham Ningbo China.We propose a novel non-toxic method of diagnostic biomarker extraction and concentration from biofluids. The method is based on the usage of (1) magnetic nanoparticles of a few nanometres in size bearing molecular traps for biomarkers on their surface and (2) additional larger (several tens of nanometres) magnetic nanoparticles for catching smaller magnetic nanoparticles in a strong magnetic field gradient with their consequent concentration into the detection area. It is shown that the interference of an external permanent gradient magnetic field with the magnetic field of large magnetic nanoparticles allows one to catch small magnetic nanoparticles from their trajectories in a fluid at a distance around ten radii of the large nanoparticles. Theoretical analysis and mathematical simulation show the validity of the proposed non-toxic method for fast and robust biomarker extraction and concentration for increasing the sensitivity of biomarker detection. We believe that the results presented herein can serve as a starting point in the development of a new subclass of biosensors and a human body diagnostic approach with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity.Graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensors exhibit high sensitivity due to a large surface-to-volume ratio and the high sensitivity of the Fermi level to the presence of charged biomolecules near the surface. For most reported GFET biosensors, bulky external reference electrodes are used which prevent their full-scale chip integration and contribute to higher costs per test. In this study, GFET arrays with on-chip integrated liquid electrodes were employed for COVID-19 detection and functionalized with either antibody or aptamer to selectively bind the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2. In the case of the aptamer-functionalized GFET (aptasensor, Apt-GFET), the limit-of-detection (LOD) achieved was about 103 particles per mL for virus-like particles (VLPs) in clinical transport medium, outperforming the Ab-GFET biosensor counterpart. In addition, the aptasensor achieved a LOD of 160 aM for COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies in serum. The sensors were found to be highly selective, fast (sample-to-result within minutes), and stable (low device-to-device signal variation; relative standard deviations below 0.5%). A home-built portable readout electronic unit was employed for simultaneous real-time measurements of 12 GFETs per chip. Our successful demonstration of a portable GFET biosensing platform has high potential for infectious disease detection and other health-care applications.Protein misfolding and metal dishomeostasis are two key pathological factors of Alzheimer's disease. Previous studies have shown that Cu-mediated amyloid β (Aβ) peptide aggregation leads to the formation of neurotoxic Aβ oligomers. Herein, we report a series of picolinic acid-based Cu-activatable sensors, which can be used for the fluorescence imaging of Cu-rich Aβ aggregates.Potassium is an important bodily electrolyte which is kept within tight limits in health. Many medical conditions as well as commonly-used drugs either raise or lower blood potassium levels, which can be dangerous or even fatal. For at-risk patients, frequent monitoring of potassium can improve safety and lifestyle, but conventional venous blood draws are inconvenient, don't provide a timely result and may be inaccurate. This review summarises current solutions and recent developments in point-of-care and self-testing potassium measurement technologies, which include devices for measurement of potassium in venous blood, devices for home blood collection and remote measurement, devices for rapid home measurement of potassium, wearable sensors for potassium in interstitial fluid, in sweat, in urine, as well as non-invasive potassium detection. We discuss the practical and clinical applicability of these technologies and provide future outlooks.Modern therapy for acute TTP has resulted in a dramatic improvement in outcomes, with the combination of plasma exchange, immunosuppression, and caplacizumab being associated with >90% survival rates following an acute episode. TTP is no longer associated with just the acute episode, but requires long-term follow-up. There remains significant morbidity associated with acute TTP, and many patients suffer marked neuropsychological sequelae, including impairment in cognitive functioning, affective disorders, and reduction in health-related quality of life measures. The focus of management beyond the acute phase centres on relapse prevention, via careful monitoring of patients and the use of either ad hoc or regular immunosuppressive therapies. The main therapy used is rituximab, but despite more limited evidence, other immunosuppressive therapies may be required to aim for normalisation of ADAMTS 13 activity. Follow-up with a reduction in ADAMTS 13 activity levels (ADAMTS 13 relapse), rituximab is central to normalisation of activity levels and prevention of a clinical relapse.