Marquezalexandersen8946

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that range in length from 18 to 24 nucleotides. As one of the most extensively studied microRNAs, microRNA-21 (miR-21) is highly expressed in many mammalian cell types. It regulates multiple biological functions such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. In this review, we summarized the mechanism of miR-21 in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. While it is clear that miR-21 plays an important role in different types of liver diseases, its use as a diagnostic marker for specific liver disease or its therapeutic implication are not ready for prime time due to significant variability and heterogeneity in the expression of miR-21 in different types of liver diseases depending on the studies. Additional studies to further define miR-21 functions and its mechanism in association with each type of chronic liver diseases are needed before we can translate the bedside observations into clinical settings. Copyright © 2020 Zhang, Yang, Kusumanchi, Han and Liangpunsakul.[This corrects the article DOI 10.3389/fmed.2017.00054.]. Copyright © 2020 Pisani, Tontini, Marinoni, Villanacci, Bruni, Vecchi and Pastorelli.Background This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment methods for intra-abdominal aggressive fibromatosis. Methods We reviewed the clinical data from 16 patients who were diagnosed with intra-abdominal aggressive fibromatosis and were admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital between March 1983 and September 2018. Results Among the 16 patients, 11 patients presented with a hard smooth abdominal mass with clear borders and a diameter of 4.3-25.0 cm. Six patients had a history of abdominal surgery and 3 patients had a history of familial adenomatous polyposis. Computed tomography imaging revealed a slightly dense mass with mild-to-moderate enhancement. Of all the 16 patients, 11 patients underwent surgical treatment and no recurrence occurred in 10 case after complete resection while recurrence occurred in 1 case after partial resection. Two patients underwent surveillance and 3 patients received cytotoxic drugs treatment, and no disease progression was observed via imaging during their follow-up. Conclusions Intra-abdominal aggressive fibromatosis is histologically benign tumor with high local recurrence rate. Surgery is an effective treatment and complete resection is essential in reducing the local recurrence rate. Copyright © 2020 Xiao, Mao and Li.Background/Purpose Although gait disorders occur early in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and increase the risk of falling, methods to improve walking in the home setting are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of a home-based gait training program using rhythmic auditory cues for individuals living with mild to moderately severe AD. Methods Participants had probable AD with no other major conditions affecting locomotion. The intervention consisted of eight progressively modified 45-min gait training sessions delivered during home visits over 4 weeks. Experienced physiotherapists provided the therapy that incorporated rhythmic music cues for a range of locomotor tasks and ambulatory activities. On the days when the physiotherapist did not attend, participants independently performed a seated music listening activity. Walking speed, cadence, stride length, double limb support duration, and gait variability (coefficient of variation) were measured using an 8-m GAITRite® compu-cued gait training can help to reduce the rate of decline in gait stride length and speed in some individuals living with AD. Trial Registration http//www.anzctr.org.au/Default.aspx, ACTRN12616000851460. Universal Trial Number U1111-1184-5735. Copyright © 2020 Wittwer, Winbolt and Morris.In vertebrates, Gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 (GnRH) neuroendocrine cells originate in the olfactory placode and migrate into the forebrain where they regulate reproduction. However, the embryonic lineage of their progenitors remains controversial. Most GnRH neurons are derived from placodal ectodermal progenitor cells, but data from lineage tracing in zebrafish (Whitlock et al., 2003) and mouse (Forni and Wray, 2012) indicate that some GnRH progenitor cells have a neural crest (NC) origin. In contrast, a recent study in zebrafish (Aguillon et al., 2018), using Islet-1/2 expression, identified this LIM-homeodomain protein in all developing GnRH neuroendocrine cells, and the authors concluded a homogenous origin from progenitors within the preplacodal ectoderm. Evidence in different animal models and systems suggests that expression of Islet-1 plays a pivotal role in cell fate specification and differentiation. Thus, expression of Islet-1/2 in all GnRH cells in the nasal placode may not be lineage dependent but rather initiated locally in the placode as part of the program for GnRH cell specification and/or differentiation. This study addresses this issue and shows two populations of olfactory derived GnRH neurons in embryonic mouse Islet-1/2(+) and Islet-1/2(-). Notably, triple-label immunofluorescence using the NC lineage tracer Wnt1, showed that GnRH neurons derived from Wnt1 progenitors are Islet-1/2(-). These results are consistent with two separate origins of GnRH neuroendocrine cells and suggest that either (1) NC-derived GnRH cells differentiate earlier than PE-derived GnRH cells or (2) different programs are used for cell specification in NC- vs. PE-derived GnRH cells. selleck inhibitor Copyright © 2020 Shan, Saadi and Wray.The cardiovascular system can sense and adapt to changes in mechanical stimuli by remodeling the physical properties of the heart and blood vessels in order to maintain homeostasis. Imbalances in mechanical forces and/or impaired sensing are now not only implicated but are, in some cases, considered to be drivers for the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. There is now growing evidence to highlight the role of mechanical forces in the regulation of protein translation pathways. The canonical mechanism of protein synthesis typically involves transcription and translation. Protein translation occurs globally throughout the cell to maintain general function but localized protein synthesis allows for precise spatiotemporal control of protein translation. This Review will cover studies on the role of biomechanical stress -induced translational control in the heart (often in the context of physiological and pathological hypertrophy). We will also discuss the much less studied effects of mechanical forces in regulating protein translation in the vasculature.