Markerbaird6700

Furthermore, the metabolic disorders were amended with SBS intervention mainly by modulating the metabolic pathways involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and gut microbiota and host co-metabolism. Overall, our study highlighted the effect of SBS on the disturbed metabolic pathways in the FD rats, providing new insight into the mechanism of SBS treatment for FD from the perspective of metabolomics.To better understand the mechanism of hyperlipidemia and discover potential biomarkers, we have used targeted metabolomics to analyze eight amino acid profiles of control and hyperlipidemia rats by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method. With high fat diet, the concentrations of serum of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were increased by 666.7%, 99.0%, 61.7% and 51.0%, whereas the concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) were decreased by 46.3% and 58.9%. The concentrations of alanine, arginine, lysine, methionine, serine, tyrosine and valine in hyperlipidemia rats were significantly decreased by 21.8%, 19.72%, 26.5%, 19.6%, 48.7%, 19.8% and 24.91%, while there was no striking change in threonine. Combined with experimental results and previous literature, we inferred that alanine and serine were gradually disordered and subsequently generated abundant acetyl-CoA tHerein, the discovery of biomarkers and the biological explanations mentioned above could be used to analyze the pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia through metabolic pathways, and these results could play an important role in assisting the clinical diagnosis of hyperlipidemia.This study investigated the feasibility of rapidly evaluating the final quality of Japanese fermented soy sauce (shoyu) using NIR spectroscopy and partial least-squares (PLS) regression. In total, 110 shoyu samples that had been entered in the annual soy sauce competition from 2016 to 2018 were collected and analyzed. The transmittance spectra (400-1800 nm) and the transflectance spectra (680-2500 nm) of these samples were acquired and processed by different pre-treatments. PLS regression was applied to the raw and processed spectra to construct models based on a calibration set (76 shoyu samples from 2016 and 2017) and to evaluate these models using a validation set (34 shoyu samples from 2018), according to their values for bias and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). The results showed that the models constructed using the full spectra of transflectance performed better than those using transmittance spectra. Comparing the influence of different regions in the transflectance spectra enabled the accuracy of the models to be improved. The model constructed from transflectance spectra from the 1800 to 2500 nm region using pre-treatment of second derivative was superior to the other models, with a bias value of -2 and the lowest RMSEP value of 13 in the validation set. To further narrow the wavelength range, the models constructed using the spectral region from 2050 to 2400 nm also showed a better performance for predicting the sensory quality of soy sauce products. This study has demonstrated that the NIR spectroscopy technique could be used as an alternative routine quality control procedure, which can rapidly and economically classify the quality of soy sauce products.Nanomagnetic graphene oxide modified with dopamine (GO-Fe3O4-DA) was synthesized via a very simple procedure. Using GO-Fe3O4-DA as the new adsorbent, the effervescence-assisted dispersive micro solid-phase extraction procedure was exploited for the preconcentrative extraction of Cu(ii), Pb(ii) and Ni(ii) ions. Structural characteristics of the adsorbent were studied via FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD analyses. The rapid dispersion and high adsorption capability of GO-Fe3O4-DA, along with the rapid separation of the adsorbent from the aqueous phase by a magnet, led to a decrease in the extraction time of the target metal ions. In effect, high extraction percentages were attained in a very short time period. In TER199 , the relative standard deviations (RSD; n = 3) calculated for the proposed method were 1.09, 1.25 and 1.03% for the Pb(ii), Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) ions, respectively, the calibration curve was dynamically linear in the range of 0.25 to 50 μg L-1, and the limits of detection were obtained as 0.5, 0.1, and 0.7 μg L-1. The procedure was also implemented on real sausage (herbal and meaty) samples and a water sample, vouchsafing the success of the proposed method in tackling real samples with a complicated matrix.In this study, an environmentally friendly magnetic dispersive micro solid-phase extraction was developed based on a deep eutectic solvent as a carrier and disperser of ferrofluids for the isolation and pre-concentration of meloxicam from biological samples. The extracted analyte was then analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The ferrofluid was prepared via a combination of silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles and an ethylene glycol/choline chloride deep eutectic solvent as a carrier. In this method, the rapid injection of the magnetic nanoparticles into the sample solution using a green carrier liquid increased the contact surface between the adsorbent and the target analyte which reduced the amount of the adsorbent and extraction time. A fractional factorial design was used for screening some effective parameters such as the amount of SiO2@Fe3O4, extraction time, pH of the sample solution, amount of the salt, volume of the desorption solvent, and desorption time. The effective parameters were then optimized by central composite design. Optimized extraction conditions were amount of SiO2@Fe3O4 of 2 mg; extraction time of 1 min; pH of the sample solution of 4; volume of the desorption solvent of 200 μL; and desorption time of 2 min. Under the optimal conditions, wide linear ranges of 5-500 μg L-1 for water and 10-500 μg L-1 were obtained for urine and plasma samples with acceptable extraction recoveries above 89.2%. Limit of detections (LODs) were in the range of 1.5-3.0 μg L-1. #link# The enrichment factors achieved were above 44.6 with relative standard deviations lower than 6.2%.Monitoring of triphenyltin (TPhT) in the environment, particularly to control its misuse in agriculture, is of great importance because of its high toxicity. In this work, methods for determination of TPhT residues in surface water and soil samples by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were developed and validated. Different sample volumes and pH and elution solvent types and volumes were evaluated for solid phase extraction (SPE) of TPhT in surface water samples. The optimized conditions were 500 mg sorbent Strata C18-E, 100 mL of the sample, pH adjusted to 9.0 and 1 mL of methanol containing acetic acid as the eluent. For a 10 g soil sample, the extraction was established using a modified QuEChERS method with 10 mL of acidified acetonitrile followed by a clean-up step by dispersive solid phase extraction (dSPE) with C18. A full factorial 23 design of experiments was applied to optimize the sample preparation method for soil samples. link2 Practical method limits of quantification were 0.1 μg L-1 and 10 μg kg-1 for surface water and soil samples, respectively. Satisfactory accuracy, with recoveries from 86 to 107% for surface water and 72 to 87% for soil samples, as well as good precision, with an overall relative standard deviation (RSD) from 3 to 8% was observed. The validated methods were applied to real samples and some residues of TPhT were found, especially in soil samples (30 to 190 mg kg-1), indicating the suitability for routine analysis.β-Agonists are illegal feed additives in the feed industries of many countries, especially China. Here, we report a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) coupled with the chemiluminescence (CL) method to provide the sensitive, simple and rapid quantitative detection of β-agonists in swine hair samples. In this study, we found that the β-agonists diminished the CL generated by the reaction of K3[Fe(CN)6] and luminol on μPAD, which was different from that observed in the aqueous solution, and the degree of diminishment was proportional to the concentration of β-agonists. The possible mechanism was discussed as well. Also, this detection method showed a wide linear range (from 4.0 × 10-8 to 1.0 × 10-5 mol L-1) and low limit of detection (2.0 × 10-8 mol L-1) with a low consumption of samples and reagents. Satisfactory recovery values (from 78% to 95%) were achieved. Therefore, our μPAD CL sensor will be favorable to develop a miniaturized instrument for the on-site analysis of β-agonists in swine hair samples.Aflatoxins (AFs), as the secondary metabolites of the toxigenic fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, are well known to be extremely harmful to humans and animals because of their high toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, and teratogenicity. Recurring and increasing studies on AF ingestion incidents indicate that AF contamination is a serious food safety issue worldwide. Currently, immunoaffinity chromatography (IAC) has become the most conventional sample clean-up method for determining AFs in foodstuffs. However, the IAC method may be limited to some laboratories because it requires the use of expensive disposable cartridges and the IA procedure is time-consuming. Herein, to achieve the cost-effective determination of AFs in edible oils, we developed a dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) clean-up method based on humic acids (HAs), which is followed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. HAs could be directly used as a DSPE sorbent after s. The proposed methodology was further validated using a naturally contaminated peanut oil, and the results indicated that the accuracy of the HA-DSPE could match the accuracy of the referenced IAC. In addition, HA-DSPE can be used to directly treat diluted edible oil without liquid-liquid extraction and HA is cheap and can be easily obtained from the market worldwide; these advantages make the proposed methodology simple, low-cost, and accessible for the determination of AFs in edible oils.The combination therapy of cisplatin (CDDP) and metformin (MET) is a clinical strategy to enhance therapeutic outcomes in lung cancer. However, the efficacy of this combination is limited due to the asynchronous pharmacokinetic behavior of CDDP and MET, used as free drugs. Therefore, in this work, hyaluronic acid-cisplatin/polystyrene-polymetformin (HA-CDDP/PMet) dual-prodrug co-assembled nanoparticles were developed, with precise ratiometric co-delivery of CDDP and MET for chemo-immunotherapy against lung cancer. The HA-CDDP/PMet NPs showed a spherical morphology with an average particle size of 166.5 nm and a zeta potential of -17.4 mV at an HA-CDDP and PMet mass ratio of 1/1. link3 The content of CDDP and MET in HA-CDDP/PMet NPs was 3.7% and 15.2%, respectively. In vitro antitumor effects of CDDP and MET resulted in an improved synergistic action on proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction on Lewis lung cancer cells. Moreover, in vivo by co-delivered HA-CDDP/PMet NPs into tumor cells, with an excellent intracellular CDDP and MET cleavage.