Mahlerfournier1960

The sector-level analysis showed that, while most sectors exceeded their budget shares, some performed within them. The ranking of uncertainty sources was quite different at the sector level, with the choice of effort-sharing approach providing the largest source of uncertainty. Overall, the study indicates the importance of handling value and modeling choices in a transparent way when quantifying GHG emissions and setting emissions budgets for anthropogenic systems.Previous studies have estimated power plant cooling water consumption based on the long-term average cooling water consumption intensity (WI water consumption per unit of electricity generation) at an annual scale. However, the impacts of the seasonality of WI and streamflow on electricity generation are less well understood. In this study, a risk assessment method is developed to explore the seasonal risk of water-electricity nexus based on the Integrated Environmental Control Model, which can simulate variable WIs in response to daily weather conditions and avoid underestimation in WIs as well as nexus risk during dry seasons. Three indicators, reliability, maximum time to recovery, and total power generation loss, are proposed to quantify the seasonal nexus risk under water consumption policy constraint represented by the allowed maximum percentage of water consumption to streamflow. LOXO-292 purchase The applications of the method in two representative watersheds demonstrate that the nexus risk is highly seasonal and is greatly impacted by the seasonal variability of streamflow rather than annual average water resources conditions on which most previous studies are based. The nexus is found more risky in the watershed with almost double mean annual streamflow and greater streamflow variability, compared with the watershed with less streamflow variability.Due to its complex composition and structure, many of the properties of natural organic matter (NOM) are poorly understood. In this study, the oxidization-induced chemiluminescence (OCL) of NOM was investigated, and a flow-injection OCL method was developed using alkaline persulfate-H2O2 as the oxidizing agent. The method is suitable for the direct analysis of NOM in both homogeneous and heterogeneous samples without isolation or concentration. A strong linear relationship (p less then 0.001) was found between the normalized organic carbon OCL (OCLOC) and the percentage of aromatic carbon in standard NOM and soil samples, suggesting that OCLOC can be used as an empirical indicator to assess the aromaticity degree of NOM in both homogeneous and heterogeneous samples. By using this method, the percentages of aromatic carbon in a forest soil profile with low organic carbon content were estimated, and a decrease in the degree of aromaticity in deeper soil was observed. Considering the high sensitivity (lower than 0.1 mg C L-1) and throughput (13 s per detection) and low sample consumption (less than 1 mg) of the method, the proposed OCLOC indicator shows great promise for the high-throughput evaluation of the aromaticity degree of NOM for a wide variety of environmental and geochemical samples.Benefiting from their extraordinary physical properties, methylammonium lead halide perovskites (PVKs) have attracted significant attention in optoelectronics. However, the PVK-based devices suffer from low carrier mobility and high operation voltage. Here, we utilize sorted semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (95% s-SWCNT) to enhance the performance of thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on the mixed-cation perovskite (MA1-xFAx)Pb(I1-xBrx)3, enabling mixed-dimensional solution-processed electronics with high mobility (32.25 cm2/Vs) and low voltage (~3 V) operation. The resulting mixed-dimensional PVK/SWCNT TFTs possess ON/OFF ratios on the order of 107, enabling the fabrication of high-gain inverters.BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate potential associations between CYP2B6 c.516G>T polymorphism and the occurrence and prognosis of acute leukemias (AL) in the Han population of Northwest China. METHODS The CYP2B6 gene polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP and Sanger DNA sequencing in 126 patients with AL and 161 healthy controls. RESULTS Compared with controls, there were significantly higher frequencies of GT and TT genotypes and T alleles in AL patients (p T polymorphism. © 2020 The Authors. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Minimal qualitative data exist on the experiences of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors or costimulatory antibodies. Understanding the day to day experiences of patients being treated with immune checkpoint modulators, and how these relate to their health-related quality of life, can inform future research and lead to better clinical decision-making and care. We report here the first in depth qualitative study to consider patients' diverse and complex experiences with immune checkpoint modulators, with a focus on side effects and how these impact daily life. METHODS This single-center qualitative study was based on focus groups and semistructured interviews. Patients who were being treated or who had been treated with immune checkpoint modulators within the last year for a range of cancer diagnoses were recruited. Interpretive description informed our inductive, iterative approach to analysis. RESULTS Eight themes were identified, characterizing the complexity of these patients' lived experiences major categories of side effects experienced and how they impacted patient well-being; the heterogeneous nature of side effects experienced; living with uncertainty; reframing the meaning and severity of SEs; focus on survival, hope, and being positive; acceptance and adaptation; feeling supported; and faith in medical innovation. Throughout their accounts, participants highlighted the profound impact that immune checkpoint modulators had on their daily lives. CONCLUSION This is the first in-depth qualitative study into patient accounts of their experiences of treatment with immune checkpoint modulators, related side effects, and how it impacted their daily lives. This research is an integral initial step in developing an instrument that will assess treatment-related side effects in patients treated with this form of therapy. © 2020 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.