Macphersonballe1101

Objective To externally validate and compare the accuracy of the China-PAR (Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China) model and the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) cardiovascular disease risk charts for East Asian in predicting a 10-year cardiovascular disease in a general Chinese population. Methods Participants aged 40-79 years without prior cardiovascular disease at baseline in the CHinese Electronic health Records Research in Yinzhou (CHERRY) were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated the observed cardiovascular events (including non-fatal myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, and non-fatal or fatal stroke) rate within ten years. The expected risks were calculated using the WHO risk charts for East Asia (including the laboratory-based and non-laboratory-based models) and the China-PAR model. The expected-observed ratios were calculated to evaluate the overestimation or underestimation of the models in the cohort. Model accuracy was assessed by discrimination C-index, calibration χ2 v diabetes or older persons.Objective This study aims to analyze the disease burden of intellectual disability among Chinese children and adolescents aged 0-19 years in 2019 and its trends from 1990 to 2019. Methods Data were gathered from the Global Burden of Disease study. The prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) of intellectual disability among Chinese children and adolescents were compared with the global average by gender, age group, and severity of disability in 2019. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends in the prevalence and YLDs of intellectual disability among Chinese children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019. Results The prevalence and YLDs of intellectual disability among Chinese children and adolescents in 2019 were 1 522.65 per 100 000 (95%UI 1 228.62 per 100 000-1 817.55 per 100 000) and 109.81 per 100 000 (95%UI 72.15 per 100 000-158.09 per 100 000), respectively, which were lower than the global average. The prevalence and YLDs of severe intellectual disability in China were slightly higher than the global average. The average annual percent changes in the prevalence and YLDs of intellectual disability among Chinese children and adolescents were -0.23% (95%CI -0.26%--0.21%, P less then 0.001) and 0.74% (95%CI 0.66%-0.81%, P less then 0.001) from 1990 to 2019, respectively. The prevalence and YLDs of severe intellectual disability showed continuously increasing trends over the past 30 years. Conclusions The disease burden of intellectual disability among Chinese children and adolescents was lower than the global average in 2019, but severe intellectual disability was higher than the global average. The prevalence of intellectual disability among Chinese children and adolescents showed an overall decrease, while YLDs showed an increasing trend from 1990 to 2019.Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and trends of cardiometabolic risk factors in residents aged 18-64 years in 15 provinces (autonomous regions,municipalities) of China, and to analyze the impact of demographic characteristics on cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods 19 827 adults aged 18-64 from the "China Health and Nutrition Survey" in 2009, 2015 and 2018 were selected as subjects. Using the data of demographic and economic factors, blood biochemical measurements and physical measurements, the trend of detection rates of metabolic risk factors in different years was analyzed by Joinpoint regression model. The association between risk factors and demographic characteristics was analyzed by multinomial logit model. Results Among all the risk factors, overweight and central obesity had the highest detection rates (36.41% and 39.93%, respectively). In addition, among the three years, the clustering of risk factors was highest in 2015 and decreased slightly in 2018. Joinpoint regressioypertension, elevated blood glucose and diabetes, and the lowest risk of elevated TG and high hs-CRP. People from the western region had the lowest risk of central obesity, elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Conclusions In the three years, the detection rate and clustering of most risk factors were the highest in 2015, and there was little change in 2018. Gender, age and geographical distribution were the main influencing factors of cadiometabolic risk factors. It is suggested to adopt targeted prevention strategies and intervention measures to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.Objective To explore the association between self-reported gingival bleeding and prevalent hypertension among adults in Zhejiang with a cross-sectional study. Methods After excluding participants with self-reported, physician-diagnosed heart diseases, stroke, diabetes, cancer, and those who never or rarely brush their teeth at baseline study, 48 625 participants aged 30-79 in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Tongxiang, Zhejiang were included for the final analysis. Three multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for the associations of self-reported gingival bleeding with prevalent hypertension. Results The mean age of women was (51.2±9.2) years, and 42.9% of participants had prevalent hypertension. The percentage of self-reported frequent gingival bleeding was 6.56% (95%CI 6.38%-6.75%), significantly higher among women (8.08%, 95%CI 7.82%-8.35%) than among men (4.36%, 95%CI 4.12%-4.60%) (P less then 0.001). Selleck AZD5582 After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, behavioral lifestyle, sleep duration, BMI, waist circumference, snoring, in comparison with men whose gingivae never or rarely bleed while brushing teeth, the odds ratio (95%CI) of hypertension for those with occasional, and frequent gingival bleeding were 1.04 (0.96-1.12) and 1.18 (1.02-1.37), respectively (trend P =0.038). The corresponding figures for women were 0.96 (0.91-1.02) and 0.95 (0.86-1.05), respectively (trend P=0.344). Conclusion Frequent gingival bleeding was positively associated with prevalent hypertension among men.Objective To describe the distribution characteristics of tea consumption in adult twins recruited in the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR) and provide clues to genetic and environmental influences on tea consumption. Methods Enrolled in CNTR during 2010-2018, 25 264 twin pairs aged 18 years and above were included in subsequent analysis. Random effect models were used to estimate tea consumption in the population and regional distribution characteristics. The concordance rate of the behavior and difference in consumption volume of tea within pairs were also described. Results The mean age of all subjects was (35.38±12.45) years old. The weekly tea consumers accounted for 17.0%, with an average tea consumption of (3.36±2.44) cups per day. The proportion of weekly tea consumers was higher among males, 50-59 years old, southern, urban, educated, and the first-born in the twin pair (P less then 0.05), and lower among unmarried individuals (P less then 0.001). Within-pair analysis showed that the concordance rate of tea consumption of monozygotic (MZ) twins was higher than that of dizygotic (DZ) twins and the overall heritability of tea consumption was 13.45% (11.38%-15.51%). Stratified by the characteristics mentioned above, only in males, the concordance rate of MZ showed a tendency to be greater than that of DZ (all P less then 0.05). The differences in consumption volume of tea within twin pairs were minor in MZ among males (P less then 0.05), while the differences were not significant in female twins. Conclusion There were discrepancies in the distribution of tea consumption among twins of different demographic and regional characteristics. Tea consumption was mainly influenced by environmental factors and slightly influenced by genetic factors. The size of genetic factors varied with gender, age, and region, and gender was a potential modified factor.Objective To study the infection rate of secondary close contacts of COVID-19 patients, and assess the infection risk in the contacts. Methods COVID-19 patients' close contacts (with a clear exposure time to index case) with negative nucleic acid test results and secondary close contacts were surveyed in continuous isolation and medical observation in this prospective study. The dynamic nucleic acid test results of the close contacts and secondary contacts of COVID-19 patients were collected to assess their risk of infection. Results A total of 4 533 close contacts were surveyed, in whom 14 were confirmed as COVID-19 patients with overall secondary attack rate of 0.31%, and 4 201 secondary contacts were tracked, in whom no subsequent infections occurred. Conclusion Close contacts of COVID-19 patients entered in centralized isolation for medical observation with negative nucleic acid tese results,the secondary close contacts of COVID-19 patients have no risk of infection.Objective To investigate the source and the transmission chain of a cold-chain product associated COVID-19 epidemic caused by 2019-nCoV Delta variant in Beijing. Methods Epidemiological investigation were used to verify the exposure points of the cases. Close contacts were traced from the exposure points, and human and environmental samples were collected for nucleic acid tests. Positive samples were analyzed by gene sequencing. Results A total of 112 cases of COVID-19 were reported in the epidemic from January 18 to February 6, 2022 in Beijing. Except for 1 case was uncertain, there were epidemiological links among 111 cases. The source of infection was the packages of imported cold-chain products from Southeast Asia, which were harvested and stored in a local cold-storage in January 2021, and packaged and sent to the cold-storage A in A district in June 2021, and then sold in batches in cold-storage B in B district from January 2022. The first case was infected in the handling of positive frozen products, and then 77 cases occurred due to working, eating and living together with the index case in the cold-storage B, cold-storage C and restaurant D. Besides the cold-storage B, C and the restaurant D, there were 16 sub-transmission chains, resulting in additional 35 cases. Conclusion The epidemic indicated that the risk of 2019-nCoV infection from imported cold-chain products contaminated by package and highlighted the importance to strengthen the management of cold-chain industry in future.Objective To evaluate the methodology of the published systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (SR/MA) on efficacy and safety of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Methods We conducted a retrieval for literatures published as of December 10, 2021 in English databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of science) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, Sinomed). Two reviewers independently screened literatures and extracted data. The methodology of included SR/MA papers was assessed by A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Review-2 (AMSTAR-2) tool in 16 items. Results A total 22 SR/MA papers were included, in which 3 (13.6%) had low quality and 19 (86.4%) had very low quality. The main problems of these SR/MA included having no definite PICO (Participants, intervention, control and outcome), providing no preliminary research protocol, no list of excluded studies and justify the exclusions, making no evaluation and explanation or discussion of the risk of bias of original studies, no adequate evaluation of publication bias and discuss its likely impact on the results, etc.