Macmillanfernandez8389

Macromolecule-based therapeutic agents, particularly proteins, antigens, monoclonal antibodies, transcription factors, nucleic acids, and gene editing enzymes, have the potential to offer cures for previously untreatable diseases. However, they present an enormous delivery challenge due to poor absorption and rapid metabolism in the body. Polymersomes have tremendous potential in delivering these agents to their desired intracellular location due to increased circulation times, decreased macromolecule degradation, and decreased immune responses. In this Review, we highlight the key factors in design, development, and improved performance of these vesicles for macromolecular delivery. The recent progress made toward preclinical application of these vesicles for protein and gene delivery is also covered.Traditional protective garments loaded with activated carbons to remove toxic gases are very bulky. Novel graphene oxide (GO) flake-based composite lamellar membrane structure is being developed as a potential component of a garment for protection against chemical warfare agents (CWAs) represented here by simulants, dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) (a sarin-simulant), and 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) (a simulant for sulfur mustard), yet allowing a high-moisture transmission rate. GO flakes of dimensions 300-800 nm, 0.7-1.2 nm thickness and dispersed in an aqueous suspension were formed into a membrane by vacuum filtration on a porous poly(ether sulfone) (PES) or poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) support membrane for noncovalent π-π interactions with GO flakes. After physical compression of such a membrane, upright cup tests indicated that it can block toluene for 3-4 days and DMMP for 5 days while exhibiting excellent water vapor permeation. Further, they display very low permeances for small-molecule gength tests.Three-dimensional (3D) layered tin oxide quantum dots/graphene framework (SnO2 QDs@GF) were designed through anchoring SnO2 QD on the graphene surface under the hydrothermal reaction. SnO2 QDs@GF have a 3D skeleton with a large number of mesopores and ultrasmall SnO2 QDs with a large surface area. The unique design of this structure improves the specific area and promotes ion transport. The mechanically strong SnO2 QDs@GF can directly be used as the anode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs); it displays a high reversible capacity (1300 mA h g-1 at 100 mA g-1), excellent rate performance (642 mA h g-1 at 2000 mA g-1), and superior cyclic stability (when the current density is 10 A g-1, the capacity loss is less than 2% after 5000 cycles). This novel synthetic method can further be expanded for the production of other quantum dots/graphene composites with a 3D structure as high-performance electrodes for LIBs.Artificial structural colors have attracted more and more attention due to their high photostability, low toxicity, and brilliant colors. Crenolanib purchase Inkjet printing of photonic crystals or amorphous photonic structures can realize large-scale structural color patterns, while plasma printing of metals can achieve high-precision color images. However, still no method is available to fabricate structural color patterns on both a large scale and with high precision. Here, nanosphere-aggregation-induced reflection (NAIR) is first theoretically and experimentally demonstrated and vivid full-spectrum structural color can be generated based on NAIR. Dramatically different from photonic crystals, the accumulation of only a few monodisperse dielectric spheres with an appropriate refractive index and diameter can produce bright structural colors, which makes high resolution possible. By introducing commercial inkjet printers, this aggregate structure can be constructed at high speed in a large scale. Importantly, the color mixing is easily performed by simultaneously applying spheres with different sizes, which allow us to sophisticatedly control the generated color. The demonstrated NAIR printing paves the way toward a full-spectrum, large-scale, and high-precision structural color, offering great potential for daily commercial utilization.The development of valuable theranostic agents for overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to achieve efficient imaging-guided glioma-targeting delivery of therapeutics remains a great challenge for personalized glioma therapy. We herein developed a novel functional star-shaped polyprodrug amphiphile (denoted as CPP-2) via a combination of successive reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization and click functionalization. In a diluted solution, the star amphiphile existed as structurally stable unimolecular micelles, containing hydrophobic cores conjugated with reduction-responsive camptothecin prodrugs Camptothecin (CPT) prodrug monomer (CPTM) and a tertiary amine monomer (2-(diethylamine) ethyl methacrylate, DEA) and hydrophilic oligo-(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether methacrylat (OEGMA) outer coronas covalently decorated with dual-targeting moieties Angiopep2 (ANG) and small magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents DOTA-Gd. In vitro and in vivo data in this study demonstrated that the ANG-modified micelles were capable of efficiently penetrating the BBB and delivering loaded cargoes such as CPT and Gd3+ contrast agents to glioma cells, leading to a considerably enhanced t1 relaxivity as well as antiglioma efficacy. Simultaneously, the targeted antiglioma efficacy and noninvasive MR imaging for a visualized therapy were realized. These collective findings augured well for the star polyprodrug amphiphiles to be utilized as a novel theranostic platform for clinical application in glioma therapy.A major problem in the application of mesoporous TiO2 as an electron transport layer for flexible perovskite solar cells is that a high-temperature sintering process is required to remove organic additives from the TiO2 layer. A facile oxygen plasma process is herein demonstrated to fabricate mesoporous-structured perovskite solar cells with significant photovoltaic performance at low temperatures. When the low-temperature processed TiO2 layer is modified via oxygen plasma, the organic additives in the TiO2 layer that hinder the charge transport process are successfully decomposed. The oxygen plasma treatment improves the wettability and infiltration of the perovskite layer and also passivates the oxygen vacancy related traps in TiO2. Hence, the oxygen plasma treatment evidently enhances charge extraction and transport, thereby improving photovoltaic performance and decreasing hysteresis.