Macdonaldabildgaard6082
According to nurse educators, six main categories describing factors related to graduating nursing students' competence were found (1) commitment to the nursing profession, (2) experiences in healthcare, (3) learning abilities, (4) learning environments, (5) student characteristics and (6) the nurse educator's role.
To ensure the adequate competence of the graduating nursing students, students' commitment to the nursing profession and their learning abilities and should be supported, and the quality of the learning environments, especially those of study groups and successful clinical practices, should be ensured during the education.
To ensure the adequate competence of the graduating nursing students, students' commitment to the nursing profession and their learning abilities and should be supported, and the quality of the learning environments, especially those of study groups and successful clinical practices, should be ensured during the education.
Currently, environmental problems have reached alarming levels, constituting a serious problem for public health. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the environmental awareness and sensitivity of nursing students.
This descriptive study was conducted on 286 nursing students of a foundation university in Northern Cyprus in the fall term of the 2016-2017 academic year. Data were collected by using the personal information form and Environmental Awareness and Sensitivity Scale. Participants had moderate levels of environmental awareness and sensitivity. Nonsmoking nursing students had higher environmental awareness. Besides, participants who attended lectures on the environment, stayed in dormitories, participated in the activities of environmental organizations, and warned people who polluted the environment had higher environmental awareness and sensitivity.
These findings suggest that the number of lectures and social activities on the environment could be increased in order to promote the environmental awareness of nursing students.
These findings suggest that the number of lectures and social activities on the environment could be increased in order to promote the environmental awareness of nursing students.
The assessment of reasoning skills is recommended in undergraduate nursing student selection. Reasoning skills are crucial for sound decision-making, improving patient safety and are necessary from the very beginning of studies. Nursing applicants' reasoning skills based on the reasoning process have not been previously measured.
To assess undergraduate nursing applicants' reasoning skills and factors related to them.
A cross-sectional study.
Undergraduate nursing applicants (n=1056, response rate 55.4%), who consented to the study and performed a joint electronic entrance examination to six Finnish Universities of Applied Sciences in spring 2019, participated in the study.
The Reasoning Skills (ReSki) test, based on the steps of the reasoning process, was used, comprising three question sections (collecting information, processing information, and identifying the problem and establishing goals). Background variables were collected through a questionnaire and the Positive System Usability Scale (P-S prepare students for higher education studies. The results have implications for educational institutions and further research.
Nursing applicants' reasoning skills vary in the student selection phase. Applicants are less able to identify the problem and establish goals than to collect and process information. Vocational education does not necessarily develop adequate reasoning skills and thus prepare students for higher education studies. The results have implications for educational institutions and further research.Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is a vital component of the global N cycle. Excessive N deposition on the Earth's surface has adverse impacts on ecosystems and humans. Quantification of atmospheric N deposition is indispensable for assessing and addressing N deposition-induced environmental issues. In the present review, we firstly summarized the current methods applied to quantify N deposition (wet, dry, and total N deposition), their advantages and major limitations. Secondly, we illustrated the long-term N deposition monitoring networks worldwide and the results attained via such long-term monitoring. Results show that China faces heavier N deposition than the United States, European countries, and other countries in East Asia. Next, we proposed a framework for estimating the atmospheric wet and dry N deposition using a combined method of surface monitoring, modeling, and satellite remote sensing. Finally, we put forth the critical research challenges and future directions of the atmospheric N deposition. CAPSULE A review of quantification methods and the global data on nitrogen deposition and a systematic framework was proposed for quantifying nitrogen deposition.Microscopic colitis (MC) is the umbrella term for the conditions termed lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC). LC with thickening of the subepithelial collagen band or CC with increased number of intraepithelial T- lymphocytes (IELs) is often seen in MC and may lead to difficulties in correct histological classification. We investigated the extent of overlapping features of CC and LC in 60 cases of MC by measuring the exact thickness of the subepithelial collagen band in Van Gieson stained slides and quantifying number of IELs in CD3 stained slides by digital image analysis. A thickened collagen band was observed in nine out of 29 cases with LC (31%) and an increased number of IELs in all 23 cases of CC (100%). There was no correlation between the thickness of the collagen band and number of IELs. Due to the increased number of IELs in all cases of CC we consider the lymphocytic inflammatory infiltration of the mucosa to be the essential histopathological feature of MC. However, although LC and CC are related due to the lymphocytic inflammation, the non-linear correlation of number of IELs and thickness of the collagenous band indicate differences in their pathogenesis.
The TNM staging system is the main prognostic tool for GC, but the number of metastatic lymph nodes (LN) can be affected by surgical, pathological, tumor or host factors. Several authors have shown that lymph node ratio (LNR) may be superior to TNM staging in GC. However, cut-off values vary between studies and LNR assessment is not standardized.
Retrospective study of all GC resected in a western tertiary center (N=377). Clinical features were collected and pathological features were assessed by two independent pathologists. Eight LNR classifications were selected and applied to our patients. Statistical analyses were performed.
315 patients were included. Most tumors were T3 (49.2%) N+ (59.3%). During follow-up, 36.7% of patients progressed and 27.4% died due to tumor. All LNR classifications were significantly associated with clinicopathological features such as Laurén subtype, lymphovascular invasion, perineural infiltration, T stage, tumor progression or death. All LNR classifications were independent prognostic factors for OS and DFS, and ROC analyses calculated similar AUC values for all staging systems. selleckchem Kaplan-Meier curves showed that Pedrazzani, Wang, Liu and Huang classifications stratified patients better into three (Pedrazzani) or four categories. These classifications tended to downstage TNM N2 and N3 tumors. In cases with less than 16 LNs resected, Pedrazzani and Wang classifications showed the best prognostic performance.
Pedrazzani, Wang, Liu and Huang classifications showed good prognostic performance in western GC patients. Larger studies in other cohorts are needed to identify the most consistent LNR classification for GC.
Pedrazzani, Wang, Liu and Huang classifications showed good prognostic performance in western GC patients. Larger studies in other cohorts are needed to identify the most consistent LNR classification for GC.
International guidelines do not recommend magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for all breast cancer patients at primary diagnostics. This study aimed to understand which patient or tumor characteristics are associated with the use of MRI. The role of MRI among other preoperative imaging methods in clinically node negative breast cancer was studied.
Patient and tumor characteristics were analyzed in association with the use of MRI by multivariable logistic regression analysis in 461 patients. Primary tumor size was compared between MRI, mammography (MGR), ultrasound (US) and histopathology by Spearman correlation. The delays in surgery and diagnosis were analyzed among patients with or without MRI, and axillary reoperations were evaluated.
Age (p<0.0001), primary operation method (p<0.0001), tumor histology (p<0.0001) and HER2 status (p=0.0064) were associated with the use of MRI. Spearman correlations between tumor size in histopathology and the difference in tumor size between histopathology and imaging methods were 0.52 in MGR, 0.66 in US and 0.36 in MRI (p<0.0001 for all). A seven-day delay in surgical treatment was observed among patients with MRI compared to patients without MRI (p<0.0001). Axillary reoperation rates were similar in patients with or without MRI (p=0.57).
Patient selection through prearranged characterization is important in deciding on optimal candidates for preoperative MRI among breast cancer patients. MRI causes moderate delays in primary breast cancer surgery. Preoperative MRI is useful in the evaluation of tumor size but might be insufficient in detecting lymph node metastases.
Patient selection through prearranged characterization is important in deciding on optimal candidates for preoperative MRI among breast cancer patients. MRI causes moderate delays in primary breast cancer surgery. Preoperative MRI is useful in the evaluation of tumor size but might be insufficient in detecting lymph node metastases.
Thermal ablation is the predominant methodology to treat liver tumors for segregating patients who are not permitted to have surgical intervention. However, noticing or predicting the size of the thermal strategies is a challenging endeavor. We aim to analyze the effects of ablation district volume following radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of ex-vivo liver exploiting a custom Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) system.
RFA was conducted on the ex-vivo bovine liver at focal and peripheral blood vessel sites and observed by Custom HSI system, which has been designed to assess the exactness and proficiency using visible and near-infrared wavelengths region for tissue thermal effect. The experiment comprised up to ten trials with RFA. The experiment was carried out in two stages to assess the percentage of the thermal effect on the investigated sample superficially and for the side penetration effect. Measuring the diffuse reflectance (Ŗ
) of the sample to identify the spectral reflectance shift which could differentiate cross-correlation algorithm that could successfully distinguish between the ablated and thermally affected regions to assist the surgery during the tumor therapy.
The designed and implemented medical imaging system incorporated the hyperspectral camera capabilities with the associate cross-correlation algorithm that could successfully distinguish between the ablated and thermally affected regions to assist the surgery during the tumor therapy.
