Livingstonkappel7242
In this paper, an efficient adaptive control is designed for chaotic Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) with full-state asymmetric time-varying constraints in the input saturation presence. The strategy that is suggested in this work is equipped with the command filtering for addressing the problem of the "explosion of complexity" available in the common backstepping method. In addition, the filtering errors are incorporated into the control design procedure for improving the control system performance. During the control design, the asymmetric barrier Lyapunov functions (BLFs) are employed so that the restriction of state variables in the given intervals is guaranteed. In the suggested control method, for approximating unknown nonlinear functions, the Bessel series is utilized as a simple but effective function approximation approach as a universal approximator. The presented design provides this advantage that by considering practical considerations, a reduced-order observer is also designed so that there is no need to mount the physical sensors to measure the position and the velocity of the chaotic PMSM. The Lyapunov stability theory is used to establish the boundedness of all the closed-loop signals. According to the comparative results obtained with neural networks, the presented control design is able to suppress the chaotic behavior of the PMSM drive system while ensuring an excellent tracking performance.A micro-grid consisting of distributed generation resources (DGRs) with a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) composed of batteries and super-capacitors was studied. A control strategy based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) and energy management algorithms was proposed to facilitate power distribution in the micro-grid and to improve the reliability, control levels, and penetration of micro-grids in the current electrical grids. The proposed operational strategy is based on the power predicted using the load profile and power generation resources. Eribulin inhibitor Energy management strategies were then presented by solving a multi-objective problem by the PSO algorithm and submitting the optimization results to the fuzzy controller and power distribution management (PDM) unit. The optimizer, the PDM unit, and the fuzzy controller provide a comprehensive operating procedure for the islanded and grid-connected micro-grids, taking into account their stability against grid fluctuations. In another part of this strategy, an auxiliary power control unit (APCU) was proposed for supporting the HESS and increasing the reliable performance of this unit. The proposed structure was applied to the net power (Pnet) of the islanded and grid-connected micro-grids. The net power was divided into high-frequency (super-capacitor) and low-frequency (battery and APCU) components. The proposed algorithm and simulation results were analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink.This paper aims to devise a novel fractional orthogonal basis to solve a certain class of nonlinear fractional optimal control problems with delay whose system dynamics is governed by a nonlinear fractional differential equation of the Caputo type. The foundation of the new framework is based on a hybrid of block-pulse and fractional-order Legendre functions. A new integral operator associated with the proposed orthogonal basis is constructed by using the Riemann-Liouville integral operator. This operator enables one to immensely reduce the complexity of computations related to the Riemann-Liouville integral operator. Some significant theoretical results concerning the new fractional basis are provided. Several problems are tested for the validation and verification of our numerical findings. It is demonstrated that the new fractional basis produces an exact solution for a specific class of nonlinear delay fractional optimal control problems. Generally, the developed fractional basis is a promising mathematical tool for investigating fractional-order systems.
To analyze whether there is sufficient data from published literature to demonstrate that ultrasound, including elastography, present good metric properties (truth, discrimination and feasibility) in autoimmune myositis (AIM).
A population, intervention, comparator and outcome-structured (PICO) search was performed in Medline, Cochrane Library and Embase database from 01/01/1973 to 08/05/2019. The inclusion criteria required original research involving adult humans, reported in English, assessing ultrasound and elastography in patients with an AIM. Conference abstracts and computer-assisted diagnostics that focused on technique and not ultrasound domains were excluded.
Approximately 2670 articles were identified. link2 Forty-one full-text articles were included in the final analysis. There were 551 AIM patients studied. Eighteen studies (43.9%) had a control group, of which 15 (63.3%) were healthy controls. The age of participants (including controls) varied from 18 to 86 years, and most were females (59%). Delastography, in AIM. There is some evidence for criterion and construct validity, suggesting that ultrasound may be a promising outcome measurement instrument in AIM. Agreement on the standardization of acquisition, and the definitions of target domains, is required. Additionally, further validation studies are required to determine discrimination, reliability and feasibility.
This is the first systematic review studying the utility of ultrasound, including elastography, in AIM. There is some evidence for criterion and construct validity, suggesting that ultrasound may be a promising outcome measurement instrument in AIM. Agreement on the standardization of acquisition, and the definitions of target domains, is required. Additionally, further validation studies are required to determine discrimination, reliability and feasibility.
The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the experience of treating long segmental bone defects. Bone union was used as the criteria for the assessment of the quantitative relationship between tibial bone defects and bone grafts, which could help reduce the complication incidence in patients.
A total of 45 patients with tibial bone defects treated with the Masquelet technique at the Ninth People's Hospital of Wuxi Affiliated to Soochow University between February 2013 and December 2017 were recruited. The age, sex, body mass index (BMI), complications, site of bone defect, length of bone defect, time from the first to the second stage of operation, and postoperative complications (including deep infection, absorption of bone graft, and bone union) were assessed.
Forty-two patients, including 17 males (40.5%) and 25 females (59.5%), with segmental bone defect, met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 38.5 years (22-55 years). Nineteen patients (45.2%) underwent multiple trgrafts, thus providing evidence for the selection of treatment strategies for long segmental bone defects in clinical practices, as well as helping to reduce the incidence of complications in Masquelet technique.
The femur is the most frequent involved site by post-attinic fractures. The appropriate treatment of pathological fractures after radiotherapy is still controversial as they are associated with a high risk of delayed consolidation and non-union. Authors review a single Center series of pathological fractures after radiation therapy in patients affected by soft tissue sarcomas analyzing incidence, risk factors, failure rate and proposing a flow chart of treatment of postattinic fractures of the femur.
Authors selected 570 patients treated by limb salvage surgery associated to radiation therapy from 1992 to 2018. A pathological fracture during follow up was observed in 28 cases (5%). The mean time between the onset of the fracture after the prior surgery+radiotherapy was 70 months (range 3-182). The mean follow-up from the fracture was 86 months (range 9-222).
The fracture treatment was performed with an intramedullary nail in 15 cases. Eight femoral fractures healed uneventfully (57%) and 6 required further surgical procedures. A total of eight patients underwent prosthetic replacement, 3 as a primary treatment and 5 as a salvage procedure after failure of internal fixation. Five patients developed a deep infection (62.5%).We observed 10 non-union (53%) in 19 patients treated with osteosynthesis. link3 Overall amputation rate of the entire series was 18%. Authors propose a flowchart of treatment for femoral fractures.
Intramedullary nailing is the treatment of choice in postradiation diaphyseal fractures of long bones, prosthetic replacement in meta-epiphyseal fracture site. Free vascularized grafts remain a valid salvage solution after failure of internal fixation.
Intramedullary nailing is the treatment of choice in postradiation diaphyseal fractures of long bones, prosthetic replacement in meta-epiphyseal fracture site. Free vascularized grafts remain a valid salvage solution after failure of internal fixation.
Surgery is usually suggested to treat massive haemothorax (MHT). The MHT criteria are based on penetrating trauma observations in military scenarios; the need for surgery in blunt trauma patients remains questionable. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of blunt trauma patients with MHT who required surgery.
Patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) with traumatic haemothorax or pneumothorax, heart and lung injuries, and thoracic blood vessel injuries from Jan 1, 2014, to Dec 31, 2018, were reviewed. The inclusion criterion was a chest tube drainage amount that met the MHT criteria. Therapeutic operations were defined as those involving surgical haemostasis; otherwise, operations were considered non-therapeutic. The non-therapeutic operation group included the patients who received nonoperative management. The characteristics of the therapeutic and non-therapeutic operation groups were compared.
Forty-four patients were enroled in the study. Six patients received conservative treatment and were discharged uneventfully. Eleven patients underwent non-therapeutic operations. The patients with surgical bleeding had a high pulse rate (125.0 (111.0, 135.0) vs. 116.0 (84.0, 121.0) bpm, p=0.013); low systolic blood pressure (SBP) after resuscitation (106.0 (84.0, 127.0) vs. 121.0 (116.0, 134.0) mmHg, p=0.040); low pH (7.2 (7.2, 7.3) vs. 7.4 (7.3, 7.4), p=0.002); and low bicarbonate (17.8 (14.6, 21.5) vs. 21.4 (17.0, 21.5) mEq/L, p=0.038), low base excess (-9.1 (-13.4, -4.5) vs. -3.8 (-10.1, -0.7), p=0.028), and high lactate (5.7 (3.3, 7.8) vs. 1.8 (1.7, 2.8) mmol/L, p=0.002) levels.
Conservative treatment could be performed selectively in patients with MHT. Lactate could be a predictor of the need for surgical intervention in blunt trauma patients with MHT.
Conservative treatment could be performed selectively in patients with MHT. Lactate could be a predictor of the need for surgical intervention in blunt trauma patients with MHT.
While few studies analysed the diagnostic validity of preoperative radiographs in distinguishing between Vancouver type B1 and B2 periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs), no investigation has been conducted to assess the degree of diagnostic validity of preoperative radiographs in identifying the fracture course and planning the most appropriate treatment. We analysed the diagnostic validity of radiographs in detecting the fracture course and stem stability in Vancouver type B PFFs.
Vancouver type B PFFs with different fracture courses were randomly performed in 36 dried cadaveric femurs in which a femoral broach had previously been implanted. Radiographic images, taken in the coronal and sagittal views, were analysed by 5 orthopaedic surgeons and 2 radiologists who were asked to reproduce the fracture course and to evaluate stem stability. A scoring system was used to determine the injured femoral cortex correctly identified by the examiners.
The identification of the fracture course was scored as poor in 52.
