Lindsayjohns2894

LIATIONStudies in Canada have shown that people in Canada with a need for rehabilitation services are not receiving publicly available services in a timely manner.There is no standardized tool for the prioritization of AAC patients.In this mixed methods study, we co-developed a prioritization tool with key stakeholders for prioritization of patients who are referred to AAC services in a rehabilitation center in Quebec, Canada.Editor's Note.-Articles in the RadioGraphics Update section provide current knowledge to supplement or update information found in full-length articles previously published in RadioGraphics. Authors of the previously published article provide a brief synopsis that emphasizes important new information such as technological advances, revised imaging protocols, new clinical guidelines involving imaging, or updated classification schemes. Articles in this section are published solely online and are linked to the original article.Spinal pain, especially low back pain (LBP), is a widespread clinical and diagnostic problem for both patients and physicians, because back pain has an equivalently wide variety of causes and provocations. Because of its variable nature and manifestations, back pain is challenging to diagnose and treat correctly. In addition, the pain is induced not only by direct mechanical pressure such as a herniated disk or degenerated bone but also by inflammation and associated proinflammatory cytokines. To help guide further diagnostic workup or the next step in management, radiologists should be familiar with the causes, mechanisms, and diagnostic clues provided by MRI. The authors review the microscopic and macroscopic mechanisms for each category of LBP and depict the relationship between imaging findings and pain mechanisms. This review focuses on the detailed anatomy related to the pain-signaling pathway and the roles of chemicals in inducing different mechanisms of LBP. MRI findings that serve as representative examples of key concepts are demonstrated according to each mechanism, and treatment options are reviewed on the basis of different causes of LBP. By knowing these concepts, radiologists can help correlate imaging findings with potential underlying mechanisms and help guide clinicians in the management of LBP. ©RSNA, 2020.Granulomas are pathologically defined as focal aggregations of activated macrophages, Langerhans cells, and lymphocytes. Granulomas form in the lungs when the immune system barricades the substances it perceives as foreign but is unable to remove. Granulomas manifest with numerous imaging appearances in thoracic radiology, and their presence is a nonspecific finding. Granulomatous lung diseases comprise multiple entities with variable clinical manifestations and outcomes. Their imaging findings are rarely specific and can mimic malignancies, often triggering an extensive diagnostic workup. Radiologists must be familiar with the clinical manifestations and imaging findings of these entities to generate appropriate differential diagnoses. Tivozanib This review describes the imaging manifestations of various noninfectious, necrotizing, and nonnecrotizing granulomatous diseases that primarily affect the thorax. ©RSNA, 2020.Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aging and cochlear implant (CI) on psychoacoustic and speech recognition abilities and to assess the relative contributions of psychoacoustic and demographic factors to speech recognition of older CI (OCI) users. Method Twelve OCI users, 12 older acoustic-hearing (OAH) listeners age-matched to OCI users, and 12 younger normal-hearing (YNH) listeners underwent tests of temporal amplitude modulation detection, temporal gap detection in noise, and spectral-temporal modulated ripple discrimination. Speech reception thresholds were measured for sentence recognition in multitalker, speech-babble noise. Results Statistical analyses showed that, for the small sample of OAH listeners, the degree of hearing loss did not significantly affect any outcome measure. Temporal resolution, spectral resolution, and speech recognition all significantly degraded with both age and the use of a CI (i.e., YNH better than OAH and OAH better than OCI performance). Although both were significantly correlated with OCI users' speech recognition, the duration of CI use no longer had a significant effect on speech recognition once the effect of spectral-temporal ripple discrimination performance was taken into account. For OAH listeners, the only significant predictor of speech recognition was temporal gap detection performance. Conclusion The preliminary results suggest that speech recognition of OCI users may improve with longer duration of CI use, mainly due to higher perceptual acuity to spectral-temporal modulated ripples in acoustic stimuli.Objective To assess the proportion of pediatric patients who develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) attributed to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods PubMed and Embase were searched from database inception until January 26, 2019. Two independent investigators screened titles, abstracts, and subsequently, full-text articles. Following this, the same investigators also extracted data relevant for the scope of this review. Results Ten articles were included in this review. In these, six unique cohorts were described, with relative frequencies of PTSD attributed TBI ranging from 3.3% to 48.5%. Two studies also found that PTSD was more common in children after TBI compared to pediatric orthopedic controls. Study quality was determined as high or very high for all six included cohorts, although the studies differed considerably in terms of methodology. Conclusions Methodological variations confound comparisons of relative frequency assessments of PTSD attributed to TBI. However, PTSD is associated with considerable long-term disability and undetected PTSD in children should raise public concern. Thus, large scale, prospective studies are needed to ascertain the clinical course of PTSD attributed to TBI in children and adolescence.Purpose The aim of this study was to identify factors that influence the perceived stigma of two assistive devices for visual impairment, namely the white cane and smart glasses.Method Face-to-face semi-structured interviews with eight European students were conducted to probe their experiences and knowledge related to disability, assistive technology, visual impairment, as well as handheld and wearable devices.Results Close relationships with disabled people seems to have a positive influence on participants perceptions about stigma, disability, and assistive technology. Academic background seems to not have any influence. The aesthetics of assistive devices was observed as an important factor that influences the adoption or abandonment of the device.Conclusion Device without negative symbolism but with modern aesthetics (smart glasses) were positively accepted by the participants than the device with traditional aesthetics and symbolisms of visual impairment (white cane). Designers should, therefore, consider aesthetics in addition to functionality in order to avoid the perceived stigma, thereby reducing the chances of device abandonment.