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Microbial imbalances have been well elucidated in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), but few studies address the oral microbiota in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In view of the fact, we aimed to explore the associations of oral microbiota with these patients suffering from ESCC.

In our study, a total of 109 individuals were enrolled (control = 53, ESCC = 56). We profiled the microbiota in oral swabs from individuals with control (ConT) and ESCC (ESCCT). 16S rRNA gene sequencing was applied to analyze the microbiome. The α and β diversity differences were tested by Tukey Test and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) respectively. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis was performed to assess taxonomic differences between the two groups.

Our results showed that the microbial richness and diversity was a slightly higher in ESCCT groups than that in ConT groups. Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Actinobacteria and Patescibacteria were the six dominant bacteria of oral flora in the two groups. When compared with control group, increased Fusobacterioa at phylum level, Neisseriaceae at family level and Leptotrichia at genus level were detected. LEfSe analysis indicated a greater abundance of Leptotrichiaceae, Leptotrichia, Fusobacteriales, Fusobacteria and Fusobacteriota in ESCC groups.

Our study suggests a potential association between oral microbiome dysbiosis and ESCC and provides insights on a potential screening marker for esophageal cancer.

Our study suggests a potential association between oral microbiome dysbiosis and ESCC and provides insights on a potential screening marker for esophageal cancer.The agro-industrial by-products corn steep liquor (CSL) and olive mill wastewater (OMW) were evaluated as low-cost substrates for rhamnolipid production by Burkholderia thailandensis E264. In a culture medium containing CSL (7.5% (v/v)) as sole substrate, B. thailandensis E264 produced 175 mg rhamnolipid/L, which is about 1.3 times the amount produced in the standard medium, which contains glycerol, peptone, and meat extract. When the CSL medium was supplemented with OMW (10% (v/v)), rhamnolipid production further increased up to 253 mg/L in flasks and 269 mg/L in a bioreactor. Rhamnolipids produced in CSL + OMW medium reduced the surface tension up to 27.1 mN/m, with a critical micelle concentration of 51 mg/L, better than the values obtained with the standard medium (28.9 mN/m and 58 mg/L, respectively). However, rhamnolipids produced in CSL + OMW medium displayed a weak emulsifying activity when compared to those produced in the other media. Whereas di-rhamnolipid congeners represented between 90 and 95% of rhamnolipids produced by B. thailandensis E264 in CSL and the standard medium, the relative abundance of mono-rhamnolipids increased up to 55% in the culture medium containing OMW. The difference in the rhamnolipid congeners produced in each medium explains their different surface-active properties. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of rhamnolipid production by B. thailandensis using a culture medium containing agro-industrial by-products as sole ingredients. Furthermore, rhamnolipids produced in the different media recovered around 60% of crude oil from contaminated sand, demonstrating its potential application in the petroleum industry and bioremediation. KEY POINTS • B. thailandensis produced RL using agro-industrial by-products as sole substrates • Purified RL displayed excellent surface activity (minimum surface tension 27mN/m) • Crude RL (cell-free supernatant) recovered 60% of crude oil from contaminated sand.The lack of pre-clinical large animal models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a growing, yet unmet obstacle to improving understanding of this complex condition. We examined whether chronic cardiometabolic stress in Ossabaw swine, which possess a genetic propensity for obesity and cardiovascular complications, produces an HFpEF-like phenotype. Swine were fed standard chow (lean; n = 13) or an excess calorie, high-fat, high-fructose diet (obese; n = 16) for ~ 18 weeks with lean (n = 5) and obese (n = 8) swine subjected to right ventricular pacing (180 beats/min for ~ 4 weeks) to induce heart failure (HF). Baseline blood pressure, heart rate, LV end-diastolic volume, and ejection fraction were similar between groups. High-rate pacing increased LV end-diastolic pressure from ~ 11 ± 1 mmHg in lean and obese swine to ~ 26 ± 2 mmHg in lean HF and obese HF swine. Regression analyses revealed an upward shift in LV diastolic pressure vs. diastolic volume in paced swine that was associated with an ~ twofold increase in myocardial fibrosis and an ~ 50% reduction in myocardial capillary density. Hemodynamic responses to graded hemorrhage revealed an ~ 40% decrease in the chronotropic response to reductions in blood pressure in lean HF and obese HF swine without appreciable changes in myocardial oxygen delivery or transmural perfusion. These findings support that high-rate ventricular pacing of lean and obese Ossabaw swine initiates underlying cardiac remodeling accompanied by elevated LV filling pressures with normal ejection fraction. This distinct pre-clinical tool provides a unique platform for further mechanistic and therapeutic studies of this highly complex syndrome.Supervised learning is the most common form of machine learning utilized in medical research. It is used to predict outcomes of interest or classify positive and/or negative cases with a known ground truth. Supervised learning describes a spectrum of techniques, ranging from traditional regression modeling to more complex tree boosting, which are becoming increasingly prevalent as the focus on "big data" develops. VE821 While these tools are becoming increasingly popular and powerful, there is a paucity of literature available that describe the strengths and limitations of these different modeling techniques. Typically, there is no formal training for health care professionals in the use of machine learning models. As machine learning applications throughout medicine increase, it is important that physicians and other health care professionals better understand the processes underlying application of these techniques. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of commonly used supervised learning techniques with recent case examples within the orthopedic literature. An additional goal is to address disparities in the understanding of these methods to improve communication within and between research teams.Substantial evidence suggests that non-coding RNA plays a vital role in human cancer, especially long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) with a length greater than 200nt. Herein, we found a lncRNA facilitating human colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. DLGAP1-AS2 was significantly increased in CRC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of DLGAP1-AS2 inhibited CRC cell proliferation, migration, invasion in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo. The subcellular localization of DLGAP1-AS2 was translocated from the cytoplasm of normal cells to the nucleus of CRC cells due to reduced levels of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Further, through the screening of a series of signal pathways, we found that Myc pathway was involved in the effect of DLGAP1-AS2. Silencing of DLGAP1-AS2 markedly reduced Myc mRNA and protein levels. Blockade of Myc effectively abolished the enhanced aggressive behaviors of CRC cells caused by DLGAP1-AS2 overexpression. Mechanistically, DLGAP1-AS2 directly bound CTCF, a well-known transcriptional repressor of Myc, resulting in reduced binding of CTCF on Myc promoter and activating Myc transcription. The second hairpin structure of DLGAP1-AS2 was critical for the interaction between DLGAP1-AS2 and CTCF in the nucleus. Taken together, our study reveals the oncogenic regulatory axis of DLGAP1-AS2/CTCF/Myc in CRC, implying a promising targeted therapy for clinical application.We present the reference genome of the Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp Branchinecta lynchi. This branchiopod crustacean is endemic to California's freshwater ephemeral ponds. It faces enormous habitat loss and fragmentation as urbanization and agriculture have fundamentally changed the vernal pool landscape over the past three centuries. The assembled genome consists of 22 chromosome-length scaffolds that account for 96.85% of the total sequence. 195 unscaffolded contigs comprise the rest of the genome's 575.6 Mb length. The genome is substantially complete with a BUSCO score of 90.0%. There is no immediately-identifiable sex chromosome, typical for this class of organism. This new resource will permit researchers to better understand the adaptive capacity of this imperiled species, as well as answer lingering questions about anostracan physiology, sex determination and development.To study disease transmission with vaccination based on the network, we map an SIR model to a site-bond percolation model. In the case where the vaccination probability is zero, this model degenerates into a bond percolation model without the immunization. Using the method of generation functions, we obtain exact theoretical results for the epidemic threshold and the average outbreak size. From these exact solutions, we find that the epidemic threshold increases while the average outbreak size decreases with vaccination probability. Numerical simulations show that the size of giant component S increases with transmissibility T but decreases with the probability of vaccination. In addition, we compare the epidemic threshold and the size of the giant component for a Poisson network, an exponential network and a power-law network using numerical simulations. When the probability of vaccination is fixed, the epidemic threshold is the smallest for heterogeneous networks and the size of giant component S in homogeneous networks becomes largest for large transmissibility T(T close to 1).Sequential behavior unfolds both in space and in time. The same spatial trajectory can be realized in different manners in the same overall time by changing instantaneous speeds. The current research investigates how speed profiles might be given behavioral significance and how cortical networks might encode this information. We first demonstrate that rats can associate different speed patterns on the same trajectory with distinct behavioral choices. In this novel experimental paradigm, rats follow a small baited robot in a large megaspace environment where the rat's speed is precisely controlled by the robot's speed. Based on this proof of concept and research showing that recurrent reservoir networks are ideal for representing spatio-temporal structures, we then test reservoir networks in simulated navigation contexts and demonstrate they can discriminate between traversals of the same path with identical durations but different speed profiles. We then test the networks in an embodied robotic setup, where we use place cell representations from physically navigating robots as input and again successfully discriminate between traversals. To demonstrate that this capability is inherent to recurrent networks, we compared the model against simple linear integrators. Interestingly, although the linear integrators could also perform the speed profile discrimination, a clear difference emerged when examining information coding in both models. Reservoir neurons displayed a form of statistical mixed selectivity as a complex interaction between spatial location and speed that was not as abundant in the linear integrators. This mixed selectivity is characteristic of cortex and reservoirs and allows us to generate specific predictions about the neural activity that will be recorded in rat cortex in future experiments.