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Premyopia at a young age carries a great risk of developing early-onset myopia, especially in regions with myopia epidemics, such as the developed areas in East Asia. This study aims to report the prevalence of premyopia and its risk factors in a Taiwan preschool population and lifestyle changes among premyopic preschoolers before and during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Repeated countywide population-based, cross-sectional study in Yilan County, northeastern Taiwan.

From 2014 to 2020, a total of 23 930 kindergarteners aged 5 to 6 years were identified in the Yilan Myopia Prevention and Vision Improvement Program (YMVIP). Of those, 21 761 (11 335 [52.1%] boys; mean age, 5.15 ± 0.37 years) were included for final analysis.

Annual kindergarten-based eye examinations and myopia prevention strategies have been conducted since the commencement of the YMVIP in 2014. Refractive error was determined by cycloplegic autorefraction. The data of potential risk factors for myopia were gathered refractive error in a Taiwan preschool population. Premyopia was also associated with both parental and environmental myopiogenic factors. Longitudinal studies are warranted to examine the lifestyle change and myopic shift of premyopic preschoolers in the postpandemic era.

Our findings showed that premyopia was the most common refractive error in a Taiwan preschool population. Premyopia was also associated with both parental and environmental myopiogenic factors. Longitudinal studies are warranted to examine the lifestyle change and myopic shift of premyopic preschoolers in the postpandemic era.

Corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) loss after glaucoma surgery with or without cataract surgery.

Corneal ECD loss may occur as the result of intraoperative surgical trauma in glaucoma surgery or postoperatively with chronic endothelial cell trauma or irritation.

Glaucoma filtration surgery or microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) in participants with ocular hypertension, primary and secondary open-angle glaucoma, normal-tension glaucoma, and angle-closure glaucoma were included. Electronic databases searched in December 2021 included MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Premarket Approval, and FDA 510(k).

A total of 39 studies were included in quantitative synthesis. Twelve months after suprachoroidal MIGS, mean ECD loss was 282 cells/mm

(95% confidence interval [CI], 220-345; P < 0.00001; chi-square= 0.06; I

= 0%; 2 studies; very low certainty). check details Mevolving long-term implants has a greater extent of ECD loss than glaucoma filtration surgeries without the use of implants. The results of this review support follow-up beyond 36 months to assess ECD loss and corneal decompensation after implantation of glaucoma drainage implants.

Overall, there is low certainty evidence to suggest that glaucoma surgery involving long-term implants has a greater extent of ECD loss than glaucoma filtration surgeries without the use of implants. The results of this review support follow-up beyond 36 months to assess ECD loss and corneal decompensation after implantation of glaucoma drainage implants.The X-ray iodinated contrast medium iohexol is frequently detected in aquatic environments due to its high persistence and the inefficiency of its degradation by conventional wastewater treatments. Hence, the challenge faced in this study is the development of an alternative electrochemical treatment using active anodes. We investigate the oxidation of iohexol (16.42 mg L-1) using different operating conditions, focusing on the role of different mixed metal oxide anodes in the treatment efficiency. The electrocatalytic efficiency of the Ti/RuO2-TiO2 anode prepared using a CO2 laser heating and an ionic liquid is compared with Ti/RuO2-TiO2-IrO2 and Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 commercial anodes. The hypochlorite ions generated by the anodes are also analyzed. The effect of the electrolyte composition (NaCl, Na2SO4, and NaClO4) and current density (15, 30, and 50 mA cm-2) on the iohexol degradation is also studied. The Ti/RuO2-TiO2 laser-made anode is more efficient than the commercial anodes. After optimizing experimental pacitrant organic compounds such as iohexol.In this study, the K2CO3 activation of bamboo was investigated in detail, and the structure and properties of the prepared activated carbons were tested for the feasibility of CO2 capture application and the potential for both ion and bacteria adsorption for use in the field of hazardous wastewater treatment. Activated carbons were produced with different activator ratios, from 0.5 to 6 according to the sample mass ratio. The ratio of H or O to C (H/C or O/C) increased with the increasing amount of K2CO3 added for the activation. The samples had a highly-porous microporous structure, in which the micropore volume was calculated to be 0.6 cm3 g-1 by the DR method of the CO2 adsorption isotherm at 298 K. The BET surface area and total pore volume estimated from the N2 adsorption isotherms at 77 K of the activated materials increased according to the increase of the K2CO3 impregnation ratio to a maximum value of 1802 m2 g-1 and 0.91 cm3 g-1, respectively. Moreover, the K2CO3-activated samples had a specific morphology, that is, macropores which are presumed to be derived from bubbles. The X-ray-CT images showed that the bubble-like structure is not only on the surface but also inside the samples. The results of gas adsorption methods, mercury porosimetry, and SEM showed the co-existence of micropores ( less then 2 nm) and macropores (100-10,000 nm). The results highlighted the unique pore structure, that is, the coexistence of micropores and macropores that would contribute to forming solutions for carbon sequestration in the atmosphere and wastewater treatment.A batch experiment was conducted to observe the liberation of micro- and nano-sized plastic particles and plastic additive-originated organic compounds from poly(vinyl chloride) under radiation-free ambient conditions. The weathering of PVC films in deionized water resulted in isolated pockets of surface erosion. Additional ●OH from Fenton reaction enhanced PVC degradation and caused cavity erosion. The detachment of plastic fragments from the PVC film surfaces was driven by autocatalyzed oxidative degradation. Over 90% of micro-sized plastic particles were 500 nm) tended to be rapidly disintegrated into finer plastic particles ( less then 500 nm), while the finest fraction of nanoplastics ( less then 100 nm) could be completely decomposed and disappeared from the filtrates. The micro(nano)plastics generated from the PVC weathering were highly irregular in shape.Globally, the valorization of fish biowaste as a feedstock to recover valuable components is an emerging research and commercial interest area to achieve the SDG goals by 2030. Fish waste-derived biomolecules are increasingly finding diverse applications in food and other biotechnological fields due to their excellent chemical, structural and functional properties. The focus of this review is to highlight the conventional valorization routes and recent advancements in extraction technologies for resource recovery applications, primarily focusing on green processes. Biointensified processes involving ultrasound, microwave, sub- and supercritical fluids, pulsed electric field, high-pressure processing, and cold plasma are extensively explored as sustainable technologies for valorizing fish discards and found numerous applications in the production of functional and commercially important biomaterials. With challenges in recovering intracellular bioactive compounds, selectivity, and energy requirement concerns, conventional approaches are being relooked continuously in the quest for process intensification and sustainable production practices. Nonetheless, in the context of 'zero waste' and 'biorefinery for high-value compounds', there is immense scope for technological upgradation in these emerging alternative approaches. This work details such attempts, providing insights into the immense untapped potential in this sector.This study demonstrates the feasibility, reaction mechanisms, and potential of practical applications of a dual oxidant (DuOx) system comprising calcium peroxide (CP) and persulfate (PS) catalyzed using Fe(II) [PS/CP/Fe(II)]. The DuOx system was superior in phenol degradation to single oxidant systems, i.e., PS/Fe(II) or CP/Fe(II), with 95.5% phenol removal under an optimum condition of a phenol/PS/CP/Fe(II) molar ratio of 1/1/5/6 ([Phenol]0=0.5 mM). Based on scavenger studies and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy, the phenol removal in the DuOx system was barrierless, with negative activation energy assisted by robust reactive species. The phenol degradation results in the presence of methanol, t-butanol, l-histidine, and NaN3. The ESR spectroscopy indicates that phenol degradation is attributed dominantly to 1O2 generated by recombining O2•- and radicals, such as hydroxyl (HO•) and sulfate (SO4•-). The performance of the DuOx system was highly efficient in pH 3-11, up to 10 mM Cl-, SO42-, or NO3-, and up to 50 mg/L humic acids but was strongly suppressed by more than 10 mM HCO3- and H2PO4-. In addition, the DuOx system was efficient in phenol removal in natural groundwater as well as removing and mineralizing other phenolic compounds (PCs) such as bisphenol A, chlorophenol, dichlorophenol, trichlorophenol, and nitrophenol. These results provide insights into the reactions induced by the DuOx system and confirm its applicability of in situ chemical oxidation in refractory organic pollutants.Total suspended particles (TSP) and gaseous samples were collected by using a high-volume sampler from March 2012 to March 2013 and January 2018 to January 2019 at a background site (Jinsha, JSH) in central China to study the chemical characteristics, seasonal variations, and potential sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The average concentrations of ∑15PAHs were 24.55 ± 9.19 ng m-3 in 2012/2013 and 20.98 ± 9.77 ng m-3 in 2018/2019. Low-ring PAHs were more concentrated in gas phase while high-ring PAHs were prone into particle phase. The concentrations of PAHs in the two sampling years were high in winter but low in summer and autumn. The relationships between the gas concentrations of PAHs and temperature indicated that most PAHs were influenced by long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT) in 2012/2013 and in 2018/2019, excluding anthracene (Ant) and pyrene (Pyr) were partially affected by air-surface re-volatilization in 2012/2013. The source of atmospheric PAHs at JSH was similar in 2012/2013 and 2018/2019,which was mainly due to the LRAT of PAHs emitted from biomass/fossil fuel combustion in the northern area of JSH. From 2012/2013 to 2018/2019, there was no significant difference between the concentrations of PAHs in spring and winter, whereas the concentrations of PAHs decreased from 2012/2013 to 2018/2019 in summer. In all, the control of PAHs at the source region was partially effective from 2012/2013 to 2018/2019.Interfacial solar water evaporation has attracted tremendous attention for sunlight harvesting for water purification. However, salt formation and stability of the photothermal materials (PTMs) remain a challenge that need addressing before bringing this technology to real-world applications. In this work, a nanoscale thin film of gold (Au) on a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane has been prepared using a magnetic sputtering technique. The fabricated membrane displays a robust mechanical strength and chemical stability arising from the adhesiveness of the thin film Au nanolayer on the PTFE membrane as well as the chemical inertness of the noble metal PTM. The Au nanolayer/PTFE membrane with cellulose sponge substrate resulted in an evaporation rate of 0.88 kg m-2 h-1 under 1 sun intensity. Remarkable salt ion rejection of 99.9% has been obtained, meeting the required standard for drinking water. Moreover, the membrane exhibited excellent stability and reusability in natural seawater and high salinity brine (150 g/L) and even in severe conditions (acidic, basic, and oxidized).