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In conclusion, egg consumption is independently associated with low incidence/mortality of CAD, which may be derived from the comparisons of the fifth versus first quintile egg consumption.Like other countries in the region of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Kazakhstan has seen an increase in the number of new HIV cases in recent years. HIV treatment coverage among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Kazakhstan is suboptimal; however, the country has committed to reaching the 90-90-90 goals for HIV diagnosis and treatment. Kazakhstan has recently committed to the "test and treat" approach, and provides antiretroviral treatment (ART) to all PLHIV. Using registry data from the City AIDS Center, we used logistic regression models to assess the factors associated with uptake of ART and its correlates among 2687 adult PLHIV in Almaty, Kazakhstan. 67.8% were on treatment. PLHIV are more likely to be on ART if diagnosed in the later clinical stages [aOR = 2.45, 95% CI (1.85, 3.25)], diagnosed after the country's change in treatment approach [aOR = 1.97, 95% CI (1.42, 2.72)], and acquired HIV via sexual transmission vs. injection drug use [aOR = 1.72, 95%CI (1.25, 2.35)]. Our findings highlight which subpopulations are most in need of interventions to promote ART in Kazakhstan, and also serve as an example for other countries in Central Asia for thinking about what factors are important to consider in improving HIV treatment coverage.PURPOSE MyPlate is the current dietary guidance icon meant to communicate healthy eating patterns. The purpose of this study is to evaluate knowledge of MyPlate nutrition education messages among middle school students and its association with dietary intake and perceived diet quality. DESIGN Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data. SETTINGS Survey of eighth-grade students from 16 middle schools in California. SUBJECTS A total of 3521 eighth-grade students. MEASURES MyPlate knowledge was assessed with 3 questions asking how much of the plate in a typical meal should be (1) fruits and vegetables, (2) grains, and (3) proteins. A brief food frequency questionnaire measured intake of fruits, vegetables, sweets, salty snacks, fast-food, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) over the past 7 days. Students self-rated their diet quality as poor, fair, good, or excellent. ANALYSIS Hierarchical logistic regression models controlling for gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Only 11% of students answered all MyPlate questions correctly. MyPlate knowledge was associated with 65% higher odds of not consuming SSBs, but 46% lower odds of not consuming sweets. MyPlate knowledge was not associated with adolescents' perceived diet quality or intake of salty snacks, fruits, or vegetables. CONCLUSION Knowledge of nutrition education messages communicated by the MyPlate dietary guidance icon is limited among adolescents. The association between MyPlate knowledge and lower consumption of SSBs is encouraging, given the strong association between SSBs and childhood obesity.Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) accounts for about 10% of all hospital-acquired acute kidney injury. We aimed to assess the role of the combination of 2 inflammatory biomarkers, the C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR), in the development of CIN after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). selleckchem Patients with NSTEMI (n = 205) treated by PCI were classified according to the development of CIN. Both groups were compared according to clinical, laboratory, and demographic characteristics, including inflammatory biomarkers and specifically, CAR. Contrast-induced nephropathy was observed in 10.2% of patients. More advanced age, the presence of diabetes and dyslipidemia, left ventricular ejection fraction, and CAR correlated with the development of CIN. link2 Analysis also showed a significant association between CAR and the development of CIN (CAR in CIN (+) 8.54 ± 8.48, range 0.7-32, median 7.13 vs CAR in CIN (-) 2.36 ± 3.01, range 0.1-24, median 1.33, P less then .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed the impact of CAR on the development of CIN (odds ratio 1.244, 95% confidence interval 1.102; 1.392, P less then .01). We conclude that CAR, as a combination of 2 inflammatory biomarkers, is a more accurate predictor of CIN development compared with the single-marker assessment of albumin and CRP in the context of NSTEMI.CONTEXT Food insecurity in northern, remote Canadian communities has become increasingly recognised as a significant issue in rural health research and policy. Over the past decade, numerous government and academic reports have emerged, documenting the severity of this issue for the health people living in the Canadian north. People living in northern and remote Canadian communities experience significant challenges related to the cost, quality, and variety of market (store-bought) foods. These issues may be of particular concern for those living with chronic diseases that require therapeutic diets, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). ISSUES There is little to no research that documents the impact of food insecurity on disease management and quality of life for those living with CKD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). There is also limited literature on food access for people living with ESRD in northern and remote communities. People living with food insecurity and CKD in remote communities might experience significant challenges in accessing the foods necessary for adhering to dietary guidelines. LESSONS LEARNED This commentary examines northern food insecurity and draws attention to dietary challenges for residents of remote communities who are living on restricted or therapeutic diets due to chronic disease. In particular we point to the needs of those living with late-stage CKD and ESRD. We call attention to the need for clinicians to understand the capacity of patients to adhere to therapeutic dietary guidelines in remote communities.INTRODUCTION Very little is known about the long term workforce outcomes, or factors relating to these outcomes, for nursing and allied health rural placement programs. The positive evidence that does exist is based on short term (1-3 year) evaluations, which suggest that undergraduate rural placements are associated with substantial immediate rural practice of 25-30% graduates practising rurally. These positive data suggest the value of examining long term practice outcomes, since such data are necessary to providing an evidence base for future workforce strategies. The objective was to measure long term (15-17 year) rural practice outcomes for nursing and allied health graduates who had completed an undergraduate rural placement of 2-18 weeks through a university department of rural health (UDRH). METHODS This was a longitudinal cohort study, with measures taken at the end of the placement, at one year and at 15-17 years post-graduation. Participants were all nursing and allied health students who had takennce (OR 11.57, CI 2.77-48.97). CONCLUSION The most significant long term practice factor identified in this study was initial rural practice. This suggests that funding to facilitate a rural pathway to not just train but also support careers in rural nursing and allied health rural training, similar to that already established for pharmacy and medicine, is likely to have beneficial long term workforce outcomes. This result adds to the evidence base of strategies that could be implemented for the successful development of a long term rural health workforce.A magnetic stirring device allowing semidispersive solid phase extraction of eight bisphenols (A, AF, AP, C, BP, G, M, and Z) from river waters using polymer nano- and microfibers followed by HPLC with spectrophotometric detection has been developed and applied. About 50 mg of fibers was placed in a round, cage-like housing consisting of two identical 3D printed pieces that were locked together by a magnetic stirring bar. Magnetic stirring action of the cage devices enabled highly efficient interaction of the fibers housed inside with the aqueous samples and analyte transfer without risking fiber compaction and/or damaging. Polypropylene was found to be the best-suited filament material for the cage 3D printing, and polycaprolactone fibers appeared the most efficient sorbent out of eight tested polymers. Experimental design revealed that analytes extraction from 100 mL aqueous samples was completed within 50 min and stripping in methanol required less than 35 min. Cage housing enabled simple and robust handling of the fibrous sorbent that could be used repeatedly up to at least 5 times. Procedural repeatability was less than 5% RSD, and limits of detection and quantitation were 0.1-2.1 and 0.4-7.0 μg L-1, respectively. Analyte recoveries at 50 μg L-1 level ranged from 87.1% to 106.5% in the analysis of two spiked river and two lake waters.We applied a multicomponent approach to access a library of densely functionalized homo- and hetero-multivalent glycomimetics comprising aldehyde, amine, and isocyanide components related to isopropylidene-protected d-fructose, l-sorbose, d-galactose, and d-allose. link3 Passerini products were obtained in very good yields (up to 78%) and high diastereoselectivities (up to 982). Three types of products were obtained by the Ugi reaction; along with the "classical" four-component product, α-acylaminoamides, a three-component α-aminoamides, and a four- component α-aminoacylamides were isolated. The presence of multiple pathways is rationalized by the structure of the imidate intermediate, mainly influenced by the amine component.Surface passivation is a widely used approach to promote the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In the present project, a series of new organic surface passivation molecules, which contain the same triphenylamino group with the hole transfer material of PSCs, have been synthesized. These new passivation molecules are supposed to have both "carrier transfer" capability and "defect passivation" potential. We find that, by using N-((4-(N,N,N-triphenyl)phenyl)ethyl)ammonium bromide (TPA-PEABr) as a surface passivation molecule, the efficiency of the PSCs can be improved from 16.69 to 18.15%, mainly due to an increased Voc (1.09 V compared with 1.02 V in control devices). The increased Voc is due to the reduced surface defect density and a better alignment for the related energy levels after introducing the TPA-PEABr molecules. Moreover, the stability of the PSCs can be significantly improved in TPA-PEABr passivated devices due to the hydrophobic nature of TPA-PEABr. Our results successfully demonstrate that passivation of the perovskite surface with a carefully designed multifunctional small organic molecule should be a useful approach for more stable PSCs with high efficiency.The selective functionalization of C-H bonds is one of the Grails of synthetic chemistry. In this work, we demonstrate that the selectivity toward fast hydroxylation or radical diffusion (known as the OH-rebound and dissociation mechanisms) following H-atom abstraction (HAA) from a substrate C-H bond by high-valent iron-oxo oxidants is already encoded in the HAA step when the post-HAA barriers are much lower than the preceding one. By applying the reactive mode composition factor (RMCF) analysis, which quantifies the kinetic energy distribution (KED) at the reactive mode (RM) of transition states, we show that reactions following the OH-rebound coordinate concentrate the RM kinetic energy on the motion of the reacting oxygen atom and the nascent substrate radical, whereas reactions following the dissociation channel localize most of their kinetic energy in H-atom motion. These motion signatures serve to predict the post-HAA selectivity, and since KED is affected by the free energy of reaction and asynchronicity (factor η) of HAA, we show that bimolecular HAA reactions in solution that are electron transfer-driven and highly exergonic have the lowest fraction of KED on the transferred H-atom and the highest chance to follow rebound hydroxylation.