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dex, which is proposed to aid biocompatibility screening and could help improve implantation outcomes. see more The Adhesion Index is implemented to determine surface factors that promote favorable adhesion of cells greater than biofilms. Here, an Adhesion Index ≫ 1 suggests favorable biocompatibility.

Hybrid chitosan/gelatin/nanohydroxyapatite (CS/Gel/nHA) scaffolds have attracted considerable interest in tissue engineering (TE) of mineralized tissues. The present study aimed to investigate the potential of CS/Gel/nHA scaffolds loaded with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to induce odontogenic differentiation and in vitro biomineralization.

CS/Gel/nHA scaffolds were synthesized by freeze-drying, seeded with DPSCs, and characterized with flow cytometry. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), live/dead staining, and MTT assays were used to evaluate cell morphology and viability; real-time PCR for odontogenesis-related gene expression analysis; SEM-EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and X-ray Diffraction analysis (XRD) for structural and chemical characterization of the mineralized constructs, respectively.

CS/Gel/nHA scaffolds supported viability and proliferation of DPSCs over 14 days in culture. Gene expression patterns indicated pronounced odontogenic shift of DPSCs, evidenced by upregulation oficroenvironment favoring odontogenic differentiation and in vitro biomineralization without the addition of any inductive factors, including dexamethasone and/or growth/morphogenetic factors. These results reveal a promising strategy towards TE of mineralized dental tissues.

This study examines the differences in osteogenic activity and antibacterial property among polyetheretherketone (PEEK) treated by three types of cold plasma.

Standard PEEK specimens were randomly assigned to four groups, which were named according to the treatment PEEK-C (untreated), PEEK-A (Ar cold plasma treatment), PEEK-N (N

cold plasma treatment), and PEEK-AN (90% Ar and 10% N

mixed cold plasma treatment). Physical and chemical properties of the specimen surfaces were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and drop shape analyzer (DSA). MC3T3 osteoblasts were used in vitro to determine the osteogenic activity by cell adhesion morphology observation, cell counting-kit 8 (CCK-8) assay, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay. Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus were used in vitro to determine the antibacterial property by a plate colony-counting method and bacterial adhesion morphology observation.

Steogenic activity and antibacterial performance of PEEK-A were the weakest. Among these treatments, the N

cold plasma treatment was the most suitable modification method for PEEK application in dental implant.

Cold plasma treatment is a promising method to improve PEEK osteogenic activity and antibacterial properties. This study provides a theoretical basis for future research on PEEK cold plasma treatment.

Cold plasma treatment is a promising method to improve PEEK osteogenic activity and antibacterial properties. This study provides a theoretical basis for future research on PEEK cold plasma treatment.

To determine the Weibull modulus m, the characteristic strength σ

,the subcritical crack growth (SCG) parameters (n &A

) as well as the lifetime durability of three dental ceramic materials in water a polycrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (Zenostar MT O, YSZ, Ivoclar Vivadent/Wieland, Germany), a lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max CAD, LD, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), and a zirconia-containing lithium silicate glass ceramic (Celtra Duo, ZLS, Dentsply Sirona Inc, USA).

30 specimens (Ø12 mm × 0.9 mm thickness) of each material were fabricated. The biaxial ring-on-ring bending tests at four stress rates σ˙ (100, 10, 1, 0.1 MPa/s) were performed in water for all three ceramics. The results were used to determine the Weibull and SCG parameters, and to plot the Strength-Probability-Time (SPT) diagram.

YSZ showed the highest m (12.5) and highest σ

(542 MPa), while the values for the glass ceramic materials were lower for LD m = 4.7, σ

= 407 MPa, and for ZLS m = 2.7, σ

= 279 MPa. The n for YSZ, LD and ZLS in water were 31.1, 13.7 and 16.6, respectively. The strength of YSZ decreased by 50% within a simulated period of 10 years, and for the glass ceramic materials the decrease was up to 80%.

Determining the Weibull and SCG parameters from the constant stress rate testing is an efficient methodology for ranking materials in terms of durability and longevity.

Determining the Weibull and SCG parameters from the constant stress rate testing is an efficient methodology for ranking materials in terms of durability and longevity.Gas well liquification is a problematic process whereby liquids collect in the wellbore and near wellbore reservoir resulting in production impedance in aging gas wells. Removal of these liquids is traditionally performed through human operated blowdown events; however, this practice results in the release of hydrocarbon emissions into the atmosphere. The removal process, called 'deliquification', can also be accomplished through the utilization of various plunger lift technologies. These allow the extraction of retained fluids from the wellbore and near-wellbore reservoir; however, these technologies vary greatly with respect to automation, intelligence, and efficacy. Here we examined the rates of production loss and the frequency of emission events in mature natural gas wells equipped with various automated plunger lift technologies. Overall, 'intelligent' plunger lift systems that base their optimization on reservoir and wellbore conditions, as opposed to standardized or scheduled operations, performed the best exhibiting a 0.13% loss of production gas to atmospheric emissions compared to a 1.37% loss of production observed from wells without a plunger lift system. Additionally, wells equipped with a next generation reservoir optimized plunger lift demonstrated a reduced rate of production decline compared to those wells without a plunger lift technology (-0.066%/day and -0.242%/day, respectively). These data have widespread implications for the operational and environmental management of a consistently increasing count of aging natural gas production wells.