Larkinlindegaard8866

Ageism has increased over 200 years and costs the US healthcare system $63 billion a year. While scholars agree on the consequences of ageism, there are disagreements on whether it is related to the demographics of aging, or society's cultural values. We test both hypotheses across 20 countries.

To circumvent the sampling limitations of survey studies, we used an 8-billion-word corpus, identified three synonyms with the highest prevalence-aged, elderly, old people-and compiled the top 300 words (collocates) that were used most frequently with these synonyms for each of the 20 countries. The resulting 6000 collocates were rated on an ageism scale by two raters to create an ageism score per country. Cultural dimension scores- Power Distance, Individualism, Masculinity, Uncertainty Avoidance Long-term Orientation-were taken from Hofstede, and demographics-size and speed of population aging-came from the World Development Indicators.

Of the 20 countries, UK topped the ageism table while Sri Lanka had the lowest ageism score. Multiple regression models showed that higher levels of masculinity and long-term orientation are associated with ageism, controlling for other cultural dimensions, demographics (size and speed of aging), and economics (GDP-per-capita).

Our findings blunt the deterministic nature of ageism at the societal level. Demographics is only one side of the ageism coin, and the cultural side is equally, if not more important. This study lays the groundwork to tackle societal ageism-one of our generation's most pernicious threats.

Our findings blunt the deterministic nature of ageism at the societal level. Demographics is only one side of the ageism coin, and the cultural side is equally, if not more important. This study lays the groundwork to tackle societal ageism-one of our generation's most pernicious threats.To mitigate third phase formation in next generation used nuclear fuel reprocessing technologies, the addition of 1-octanol has been trialed. However, contradictory reports on the radiolytic effect of 1-octanol incorporation on separation ligand degradation need to be resolved. Here, 50 mM N,N,N',N'-tetraoctyldiglycolamide (TODGA) dissolved in n-dodecane was gamma irradiated in the presence and absence of 1-octanol (2.5-10 vol%) and a 3.0 M HNO3 aqueous phase. Radiation-induced TODGA degradation exhibited pseudo-first-order decay kinetics as a function of absorbed gamma dose for all investigated solution and solvent system formulations. MK-4827 ic50 The addition of 1-octanol afforded diametrically different effects on the rate of TODGA degradation depending on solvent system formulation. For organic-only irradiations, 1-octanol promoted TODGA degradation (d = 0.0057 kGy-1 for zero 1-octanol present vs.∼0.0073 kGy-1 for 7.5-10 vol%) attributed to a favourable hydrogen atom abstraction reaction free energy (-0.31 eV) and thous HNO3.The manuscript describes an utilization of 5-substituted-furan-2(3H)-ones as pronucleophiles in an asymmetric vinylogous Michael addition to an α,β-unsaturated-γ-lactam, thus leading to hybrid molecules possessing γ-lactam and butenolide structural motifs. The transformation utilizes two potentially vinylogous pronucleophiles and has been realized by simultaneous activation of both substrates by a bifunctional organocatalyst derived from a cinchona alkaloid. Reaction occurs in a highly enantio- and diastereoselective manner and the synthetic potential of the target products has been confirmed in stereoselective transformations.Endothelial cells (EC) respond to shear stress to maintain vascular homeostasis, and a disrupted response is associated with cardiovascular diseases. To understand how different shear stress modalities affect EC morphology and behavior, we developed a microfluidic device that concurrently generates three different levels of uniform wall shear stress (WSS) and six different WSS gradients (WSSG). In this device, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exhibited a rapid and robust response to WSS, with the relative positioning of the Golgi and nucleus transitioning from a non-polarized to polarized state in a WSS magnitude- and gradient-dependent manner. By contrast, polarized HUVECs oriented their Golgi and nucleus polarity to the flow vector in a WSS magnitude-dependent manner, with positive WSSG inhibiting and negative WSSG promoting upstream orientation. Having validated this device, this chip can now be used to dissect the mechanisms underlying EC responses to different WSS modalities, including shear stress gradients, and to investigate the influence of flow on a diverse range of cells during development, homeostasis and disease.The chemical structures of Co oxynitrides - in particular, interactions among N and O atoms bonded to the same cobalt - are of great importance for an array of catalytic and materials applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD), core and valence band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and plane wave density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to probe chemical and electronic interactions of nitrogen-rich CoO1-xNx (x > 0.7) films deposited on Si(100) using NH3 or N2 plasma-based sputter deposition or surface nitridation. Total energy calculations indicate that the zinc blende (ZB) structure is energetically favored over the rocksalt (RS) structure for x > ∼0.2, with an energy minimum observed in the ZB structure for x∼ 0.8-0.9. This is in close agreement with XPS-derived film compositions when corrected for surface oxide/hydroxide layers. XRD data indicate that films deposited on Si(100) at room temperature display either a preferred (220) orientation or no diffraction pattern, and are consistent with either rocksalt (RS) or zinc blende (ZB) structure. Comparison between experimental and calculated X-ray excited valence band densities of states - also similar for all films synthesized herein - demonstrates a close agreement with a ZB, but not an RS structure. Core level XPS spectra exhibit systematic differences between films deposited in NH3 vs N2 plasma environments. Films deposited by N2 plasma magnetron sputtering exhibit greater O content as evidenced by systematic shifts in N 1s binding energies. Excellent agreement with experiment for core level binding energies is obtained for DFT calculations based on the ZB structure, but not for the RS structure. The agreement between theory and experiment demonstrates that these N-rich Co oxynitride films exhibit the ZB structure, and forms the basis of a predictive model for understanding how N and O interactions impact the electronic, magnetic and catalytic properties of these materials.