Lanegilmore5268

© 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.This study presents SmartProbe, an electrical bioimpedance (EBI) sensing system based on a concentric needle electrode (CNE). The system allows the use commercial CNEs for accurate EBI measurement, and was specially developed for in-vivo real-time cancer detection. Considering the uncertainties in EBI measurements due to the CNE manufacturing tolerances, we propose a calibration method based on statistical learning. This is done by extracting the correlation between the measured impedance value |Z| and the material conductivity σ of a group of reference materials. By utilizing this correlation, the relationship of σ and |Z| can be described as a function and reconstructed using a single measurement on a reference material of known conductivity. read more This method simplifies the calibration process, and is verified experimentally. Its effectiveness is demonstrate by results that show less than 6% relative error. An additional experiment is conducted for evaluating the system's capability to detect cancerous tissue. Four types of ex-vivo human tissue from the head and neck region, including mucosa, muscle, cartilage and salivary gland, are characterized using SmartProbe. The measurements include both cancer and surrounding healthy tissue excised from 10 different patients operated for head and neck cancer. The measured data is then processed using dimension reduction and analyzed for tissue classification. The final results show significant differences between pathologic and healthy tissues in muscle, mucosa and cartilage specimens. These results are highly promising and indicate a great potential for SmartProbe to be used in various cancer detection tasks. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.In order to achieve the ultimate goal of reducing coincidence time resolution (CTR) to 10 ps, thus enabling reconstruction-less positron emission tomography, a Cherenkov-radiator-integrated microchannel plate photomultiplier tube (CRI) reaching CTR of sub-50 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM) has been developed. However, a histogram of time differences between a pair of the CRIs shows undesirable side peaks, which are caused by gamma rays directly interacting with the micro channel plates (MCPs). Such direct interaction events are detrimental to the timing performance of the CRI. In this paper, we demonstrate an analytical method of deconvolving MCP direct interaction events from the timing histogram. Considering the information of the main and the two side peaks, the timing uncertainty caused by the MCP direct interaction events is deconvolved and the CTR of the CRI is analytically investigated. Consequently, the CTR is improved from 41.7 to 40.5 ps FWHM by the deconvolution. It means that a mixture of the Cherenkov radiator events and the MCP direct interaction events contribute to the CTR by a factor of 10 ps. The timing performance of the MCP direct interaction events are also evaluated. The CTR between the two MCPs is found to be 66.2 ps FWHM. This indicates that a photocathode-free radiation detector with high timing performance is possible. Elimination of the photocathode from the detector would make detector construction easier and more robust. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) technique is used to determine various biophysical parameters, such as refractive index, cell thickness, morphology, etc. On the other hand, fluorescence microscopy is used to acquire information regarding molecular specificity of the biological cells and tissues. Conventionally, a fully coherent light source such as laser is used in QPI technique to obtain the interference fringes with ease; however, its high coherence is also responsible for the generation of speckle and spurious fringes, which results in degraded image quality and affects the phase measurement results too. In this paper, we report a multi-modal system that can be effectively utilized to acquire time varied diverse information about the biological specimen with high spatial phase sensitivity. Herein, a single unit comprising of a fluorescence microscope and the Linnik based interferometer specially equipped with a partially spatially coherent light source illumination was developed. The integrated system is capable to procure molecular specificity and phase information of biological specimen, in a single shot, utilizing a single-chip color CCD camera. Here, we performed experiments on MG63 osteosarcoma cells, and the composite interferometric-fluorescence images were obtained and then digitally decomposed into red and green colors; and, the phase maps were reconstructed using the Fourier fringe analysis method. Furthermore, the cultured cells were monitored over a time-span to observe and investigate the time dependent morphological changes; along with the quantification of cellular adhesion and spreading. Hence, the proposed system can be utilized to quantify time dependent changes in the cell's morphology and in cell adhesion which can be an indicator for the detection of various range of diseases such as arthritis, cancer, osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.OBJECTIVES There is a high unmet need in a non-invasive screening of lung cancer (LC). We conducted this single-center trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the electronic nose Aeonose®. The Aeonose collects breath samples for analysis of volatile organic compound (VOC) signatures, determined by a pattern of resistance changes caused by differential redox reactions of metal-oxide sensors on the Aeonose plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Exhaled volatile organic compound (VOC) signatures were collected by Aeonose® in 42 incident and 78 prevalent LC patients, of them 29 LC patients in complete remission (LC CR), 33 healthy controls (HC) and 23 COPD patients. By dichotomous comparison of VOC's between incident LC and HC, a discriminating algorithm was established and also applied to LC CR and COPD subjects. Area under Curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity and Matthews's correlation coefficient (MC) were used to interpret the data. RESULTS The established algorithm of Aeonose® signature allowed safe separation of LC and HC, showing an AUC of 0.