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3 dB at 13.0 GHz with a thickness of 2.0 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth reaches 4.5 GHz (11.2-5.7 GHz).Evidence has shown that oestrogen suppresses lipids deposition in the liver of mammals. However, the molecular mechanism of oestrogen action in hepatic steatosis of geese liver has yet to be determined. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oestrogen on lipid homeostasis at different states of geese hepatocytes in vitro. The results showed that an in vitro model of hepatic steatosis was induced by 1.5 mM sodium oleate via detecting the viability of hepatocytes and content of lipids. When the normal hepatocytes were administrated with different concentrations of oestrogen (E2 ), the expression levels of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) and oestrogen receptors (ERs, alpha and beta) were up-regulated only at high concentrations of E2 , whereas the lipid content was not a significant difference. In goose hepatocytes of hepatic steatosis, however, the expression levels of MTTP, apolipoprotein B (apoB) and ERα/β significantly increased at 10-7 or 10-6 M E2 . selleck products Meanwhile, the lipids content significantly increased at 10-9 and 10-8 M E2 and decreased at 80 µM E2 . Further heatmap analysis showed that ERα was clustered with apoB and MTTP in either normal hepatocytes or that of hepatic steatosis. Taken together, E2 might bind to ERα to up-regulate the expression levels of apoB and MTTP, promoting the transportation of lipids and alleviating lipids overload in hepatic steatosis of geese in vitro.The concept of source-sink dynamics as a potentially important component of metapopulation dynamics was introduced in the 1980's. The objective of this paper is to review the considerable body of work that has been developed to consider its theoretical implications as well as to understand how source-sink dynamics may manifest under field conditions to the specific case of non-target arthropods in the agricultural environment. Our review concludes that metapopulation dynamics based on field observations are often far more complex than existing theoretical source-sink models would indicate as they are dependent on numerous population processes and influencing factors. The difficulty to identify and measure these factors likely explains why empirical studies assessing source-sink dynamics are scarce. Further, the importance in considering the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes when assessing the population dynamics of non-target arthropods in the context of the risk from the use of plant protection products is highlighted. A need is identified to further develop and thoroughly validate predictive population models, which can incorporate all factors relevant for a specific system. Once reliable predictive models for a number of representative non-target arthropod species are available, they could provide a meaningful tool for refined risk evaluations (higher tier level risk assessment), addressing specific concerns identified at the initial evaluation stages (lower tier level risk assessment). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Autophagy is a central pathway in maintaining cellular homeostasis through the recycling of damaged proteins and organelles. Detection of LC3 protein levels by immunofluorescence or western blot analysis is one of the most common ways to measure autophagy. For quantitative autophagy analysis, LC3 western blot analysis is commonly used, whereas immunostaining is used for qualitative autophagy analysis. However, zebrafish larvae have a lot of proteases that rapidly degrade LC3 protein in samples. P62 is another autophagy marker that bind to damaged proteins and can reflects autophagic status. This study demonstrates a fast and accurate way to quantify autophagy from LC3 and/or P62 immunostaining images. We used a three-dimensional analysis of whole-mount LC3 immunostaining images of zebrafish larvae. Counting LC3 and P62 punctate by two dimensions can be used as a qualitative method for the analysis of autophagy. However, here we demonstrate that 3D image analysis can be used as a quantitative, rapid tool for monitoring autophagy in zebrafish larvae and avoiding drawbacks of LC3 western blot analysis.In order to expand the field of alkali lithosilicates, a new representative of the substance class with a previously unknown structure type was found based on solid-state synthesis. The novel compound with the sum formula Rb[Li5 Si2 O7 ] crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcm (no. 57) with a=7.6269(3), b=9.5415(4), and c=9.4095(3) Å by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure consists of a highly condensed lithosilicate framework, built up of corner- and edge-linked [LiO4 ]-tetrahedra and [Si2 O7 ]-units, and the rubidium ions aligned in channels. Suitable crystals of the material were obtained using sealed tantalum ampoules as reaction tube at a temperature of 750 °C. The new compound was further characterized via powder diffraction, Rietveld analysis, and EDX measurements. At first glance, Eu2+ -doped Rb[Li5 Si2 O7 ] reveals an intense green luminescence. In-depth crystal analysis shows that a core-shell formation is present even for apparently high quality single-crystals. As a minority phase, the known green phosphor RbLi[Li3 SiO4 ]2 Eu2+ is the origin of the luminescence, representing a tiny core inside of the particles surrounded by a large matrix of transparent Rb[Li5 Si2 O7 ] dominating the single-crystal diffraction pattern.

Over the last decades conventional cochlear implant (CI) surgery has remained essentially unchanged. Nevertheless, alternative implantation techniques to further improve patient outcomes such as endaural implantation or robot-assisted surgery have been proposed in recent years. However, none of these have gained acceptance in clinical routine, thus confirming a demand for new developments.

Cochlear implant surgery was performed in two mastoid bones obtained from body donors using a novel hands-free exoscope. Advantages and disadvantages of the system were evaluated.

In all cases, implantation of the electrode was feasible. The system allowed for hands-free movement and adjustment of the exoscope by the head-mounted display. Network connectivity of the system leaves room for improvement.

The RoboticScope is an innovative tool and can be used supportively in conventional CI surgery in the experimental setting. Although operating the device requires a certain learning curve, the usability is intuitive for every ear surgeon.