Kornumrodriquez9909

© 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The baculovirus expression vector system is a very powerful tool to produce virus-like particles and gene-therapy vectors, but the removal of co-expressed baculovirus has been a major barrier for wider industrial use. We used chimeric HIV-1 gag influenza-HA VLPs produced in Tnms42 insect cells using the baculovirus insect cell expression vector system as model VLPs. A fast and simple purification method for these VLPs with direct capture and purification within one chromatography step was developed. Guanosine concentration The insect cell culture supernatant was treated with endonuclease and filtered, before it was directly loaded onto a polymer grafted anion exchanger and eluted by a linear salt gradient. A 4.3 log clearance of baculovirus from VLPs was achieved. The absence of the baculovirus capsid protein (vp39) in the product fraction was additionally shown by HPLC-MS. When considering a vaccination dose of 109 particles, 4200 doses can be purified per L pre-treated supernatant, meeting the requirements for vaccines with less then 10 ng dsDNA/dose and 3.4 μg protein/dose in a single step. The process is simple with a very low number of handling steps and has the characteristics to become a platform for purification of these types of VLPs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE To systematically review the existing literature comparing mini-implant assisted rapid palatal expansion (MARPE) and conventional rapid palatal expansion (RPE) regarding the effect on the buccal alveolar bone thickness (BT) and marginal bone level (BL). METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library, Embase, Ovid, Livivo, CINAHL, the Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, Scholar Google and SIGLE were searched up to January 2020. Risk of bias (RoB) assessments were performed using the Cochrane Collaboration and ROBINS-I tools. Fixed effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences (SMD) was implemented to assess the pooled estimates for the BT outcome. The analyses were performed adopting a significance level of 5%. A narrative synthesis was performed to summarize the results on the BL. The GRADE tool was used to assess the quality of the evidence. RESULTS Three randomized clinical trials and one retrospective study were included. Only one study was rated as with low RoB, while the others were scored as with moderate to serious RoB. Limited evidence indicated that patients using conventional RPE had a greater loss of the BT compared to patients using MARPE (SMD=0.55; 95% CI 0.29-0.80; p0.05) (Low quality of evidence). LIMITATIONS Limited amount of selected papers, methodological issues that could lead to bias, and high clinical heterogeneity among the studies. Due to the statistical model applied for the quantitative synthesis of the results, no generalization to any other population is recommended. CONCLUSIONS Limited evidence suggests that MARPE could decrease the loss of the buccal alveolar bone when compared to conventional RPE. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.A cationic three-dimensional (3D) metal-organic framework (MOF) sustained by an N,N'-diethylformamide (DEF)-solvated zigzag-shaped Cd5 cluster secondary building unit (SBU), [Et2 NH2 ]2 [Cd5 (BTB)4 (DEF)2 ] ⋅ 4.75DEF (1 a, H3 BTB=benzene-1,3,5-tribenzoic acid) shows flexible framework behavior and undergoes solvate exchange with CHCl3 to yield [Et2 NH2 ]2 [Cd5 (BTB)4 (DEF)2 ] ⋅ xCHCl3 (1 b) accompanied by changes to pore sizes and shapes. Unexpectedly, the DEF solvates coordinated to the central Cd2+ could not be replaced by strongly donor pyridyl and dipyridyl ligands. Additionally, more electron-deficient pyridyls preferentially coordinated to the flanking Cd2+ of the Cd5 SBU, as exemplified by [Et2 NH2 ]2 [Cd5 (BTB)4 (DEF)2 (PyCHO)2 ] ⋅ xSol (2 a, PyCHO=4-pyridinealdehyde) and [Et2 NH2 ]2 [Cd5 (BTB)4 (DEF)2 (PyAc)2 ] ⋅ xSol (2 b, PyAc=4-acetylpyridine). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to understand these counterintuitive observations. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Graphene solution-gated field-effect transistors (g-SGFETs) are promising sensing devices to transduce electrochemical potential signals in an electrolyte bath. However, distortion mechanisms in g-SGFET, which can affect signals of large amplitude or high frequency, have not been evaluated. Here, a detailed characterization and modeling of the harmonic distortion and non-ideal frequency response in g-SGFETs is presented. This accurate description of the input-output relation of the g-SGFETs allows to define the voltage- and frequency-dependent transfer functions, which can be used to correct distortions in the transduced signals. The effect of signal distortion and its subsequent calibration are shown for different types of electrophysiological signals, spanning from large amplitude and low frequency cortical spreading depression events to low amplitude and high frequency action potentials. The thorough description of the distortion mechanisms presented in this article demonstrates that g-SGFETs can be used as distortion-free signal transducers not only for neural sensing, but also for a broader range of applications in which g-SGFET sensors are used. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The safety of metal oxide (MOx) nanoparticles (NPs) has been highly concerned because of their wide application and potential toxicological injury. The safe-by-design strategy is usually developed to make safer MOx NPs based on regulation of their physicochemical properties. In the present study, manganese oxide (Mn3 O4 ) NPs, as a representative of insoluble toxic MOx NPs, are doped with a series of transition metal to regulate their conduction band energy (Ec ) out of biological redox potential range (BRPR) or Fermi energy (Ef ) far away from valence band energy (Ev ), aiming at completely eliminating the toxicity or significantly reducing the toxicity. It is found that all these M-doping cannot move Ec of Mn3 O4 NPs out of the BRPR but zinc (Zn)-, copper (Cu)-, and chromium (Cr)-doping do move Ef far away from Ev , where Zn-doping results in the largest |Ef - Ev | value. Various abiotic, in vitro and in vivo assessments reveal that Zn-, Cu-, and Cr-doped Mn3 O4 NPs can generate lower amount of •OH and trigger weaker injury than Mn3 O4 NPs, where Zn-doped Mn3 O4 NPs show the lowest toxicity.