Konradsenmathiasen6542
Intercept surveys are a relatively inexpensive method to rapidly collect data on drug use. However, querying use of dozens of drugs can be time-consuming. We determined whether using a rapid screener is efficacious in detecting which participants use drugs and should be offered a full survey which asks more extensively about use.We surveyed 103 adults (age 18-29) on streets of Manhattan, NY in 2019 to test the reliability of a screener which queried past-year use of six drugs. Those reporting any drug use on the screener (and a third of those not reporting drug use) were offered the full survey which queried use of 97 drugs. We compared self-reported use on the screener to the full survey.Self-reported use of ecstasy, cocaine, and LSD had high test-retest reliability (Kappa = 0.90-1.00), and the screener had high sensitivity (1.00) and specificity (0.97-1.00) in detecting use of these drugs. Reliability for marijuana (Kappa = 0.62) and nonmedical opioid use (Kappa = 0.75) was lower. The screener had higher sensitivity (0.94) and lower specificity (0.64) in detecting marijuana use, and lower sensitivity (0.71) and higher specificity (0.98) in detecting nonmedical opioid use. Within the full survey, all participants reporting use of amphetamine (nonmedical use), shrooms, poppers, synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, novel psychedelics, ketamine, or GHB reported use of at least one drug queried on the screener.Self-reported use of common drugs on a screener can reliably be used as an inclusion criterion for more extensive intercept surveys about drug use behavior.
The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with complete mental health (CMH) among a nationally representative sample of Canadians who had a history of suicide attempts.
Data for this study came from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey-Mental Health. A subsample of 796 respondents who had ever attempted suicide was analyzed. The outcome variable investigated was CMH, which includes three elements (a) absence of past-year suicidality or mental illness (measured by the World Health Organization version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview); (b) happiness or satisfaction; and (c) social and psychological well-being. Bivariate analyses and binary logistic regression were conducted to identify factors associated with CMH among Canadians who had a history of suicide attempts.
Of the 796 respondents who had a history of suicide attempts, 28.4% were in CMH. In accordance with past research, positive factors associated with CMH were as follows having a confidant, lacking chrof mental health. These findings suggest that interventions to promote social support and manage chronic pain and insomnia may be helpful. JHU395 HIGHLIGHTSMore than one in four adults with a history of suicide attempts are in complete mental healthHaving a confidant was positively associated with having complete mental health after suicide attemptThose with a history of suicide attempts need ongoing mental health support.
Functional decline is expected over time in persons with Parkinson's disease (PD). Intense exercise (RPE ≥ 5-7/10), incorporating motor learning principles, may be beneficial.
The purpose of this case report is to describe the feasibility and longitudinal effects after individuals with PD participated in multiple, 3.5-day, intensive exercise programs called Movement Camp (Camp).
Developed based on the principles of skill, capacity, and motivation, the Camp was offered four times (spring 2014-spring 2017) over the course of three years. Camp consisted of 3.5days, with approximately 5.5hours of exercise per day. The four participants on whom we are reporting were selected because they participated in three or more Camps, thus providing longitudinal data. Participants rotated through high-intensity, one-hour exercise stations targeting balance, endurance, gait, upper extremity function and three 30-minute group training sessions. Balance (Mini-BESTest), endurance (six-minute walk test), gait speed, and function (five times sit-to-stand) were examined.
Testing was completed prior to, post, and six weeks post intervention. Over three years, participants maintained or improved performance on most measures.
The outcomes of this case report suggest that brief, intensive exercise based on motor learning principles is feasible and may maintain or improve function in persons with PD over three years.
The outcomes of this case report suggest that brief, intensive exercise based on motor learning principles is feasible and may maintain or improve function in persons with PD over three years.
The incidence of benign ureteroenteric strictures following radical cystectomy (RC) for urinary bladder cancer (UBC) is investigated mainly in single-centre studies from high-volume centres. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cumulative incidence of strictures and risk factors in a population-based cohort.
Data was collected from Bladder Cancer Data Base Sweden (BladderBaSe). The primary endpoint was stricture with intervention. Secondary endpoint included hydronephrosis both with/without intervention.
In total, 5,816 patients were registered as having had RC due to UBC between 1997 and 2014. After a median follow-up of 23.5 months (IQR = 9.0-63.1 months; range = 0.0-214.0 months), we found that 515 (8.9%) patients underwent intervention for stricture. Seven hundred and sixty-one (13.1%) patients were diagnosed with hydronephrosis without intervention. The cumulative incidence of strictures with intervention was 19.7% (95% CI = 16.7-23.1%) during the 17 years of follow-up. In the first year, the cumulative incidence of strictures was 5.6% (95% CI = 5.0-6.2%), and in the first 2 years 8.4% (95% CI = 7.6-9.3%). For the secondary endpoint, the cumulative incidence was 30.4% (95% CI = 26.7-33.1%) after 17 years. Only the year of RC was associated with stricture incidence in Cox regression analysis, whereas hospital cystectomy volume, patient age and patient sex were not.
Ureteroenteric strictures requiring intervention may be more common than previously reported, affecting nearly one fifth of patients who have undergone RC for UBC. The annual incidence was highest in the first 2 years after surgery but the cumulative incidence increased continuously during 17 years of follow-up.
Ureteroenteric strictures requiring intervention may be more common than previously reported, affecting nearly one fifth of patients who have undergone RC for UBC. The annual incidence was highest in the first 2 years after surgery but the cumulative incidence increased continuously during 17 years of follow-up.
Paclitaxel is a taxane-based chemotherapeutic agent used as a treatment in breast cancer. There is no effective prevention or treatment strategy for the most common side effect of peripheral neuropathy. In this manuscript, we reviewed the molecular mechanisms that contribute to paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) with an emphasis on immune-related processes.
A systematic search of the literature was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. link2 The SYRCLE's risk of bias tool was used to assess internal validity.
156 studies conducted with rodent models were included. The risk of bias was high due to unclear methodology. Paclitaxel induces changes in myelinated axons, mitochondrial dysfunction, and mechanical hypersensitivity by affecting ion channels expression and function and facilitating spinal transmission. Paclitaxel-induced inflammatory responses are important contributors to PIPN.
Immune-related processes are an important mechanism contributing to PIPN. link3 Studies in humans that validate these mechanistic data are highly needed to facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies.
Immune-related processes are an important mechanism contributing to PIPN. Studies in humans that validate these mechanistic data are highly needed to facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies.Chronic stress is linked to social adversity and underlies many health disparities among ethnic minorities. Cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) reflect sensitivity to adversity and are related to health outcomes. Our aim was to understand how social adversity influences biological responses to experimental and daily stressors in a sample of low-income African American emerging adults. In the three-week study, participants completed questionnaires, the Trier Social Stress Task (TSST), and provided four salivary samples. In week 2, participants collected saliva at home immediately after waking and just before bed for three days. Results demonstrated an asymmetrical pattern between cortisol and sAA reactivity that was related to experiences with racism and interpersonal trauma. Further, daily stress was related to lower morning and higher nighttime cortisol, indicating atypical diurnal rhythm. These findings are consistent with other forms of social adversity that lead to long-term changes in the HPA axis response pattern.LAY SUMMARYAfrican American emerging adults showed divergent cortisol and sAA responses.Social adversity predicted an asymmetrical response pattern for sAA and cortisol.Atypical diurnal rhythms were found for participants reporting high daily stress.Advanced biliary tract cancer (aBTC) comprises a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies with dismal prognosis. Given the scarcity of prospective evidence, the aim of this study was to derive clinically useful insights and prognostic factors from a large, real-world series of aBTC. Clinicopathologic variables and treatment outcomes were retrospectively collected involving 940 patients diagnosed with aBTC between 2001 and 2017, and treated with first-line chemotherapy (CT1) at 14 Italian medical oncology institutions. Median overall survival (OS) was 10.3 months (CI95% 9.5-11.1). CT1 with gemcitabine-Platinum salts doublets achieved OS of 11.7 months vs 7.5 with gemcitabine alone (HR 0.67, p less then 0.001). However, a clear temporal trend towards improved OS could not be demonstrated. Radical surgery of recurrent disease achieved a relapse-free survival of 5.9 months. A substantial minority (44.5%) of patients were able to receive a second-line chemotherapy, which achieved a response rate of 7.6%, and disease control in 30% of patients with no significant differences between combination regimens and monotherapies. In a large retrospective series of real-world aBTC, outcomes of standard CT1 closely resembled those of the registrational trials. A limited set of easily retrievable independent prognostic factors was defined. Further research is needed on second-line regimens.The purpose of this study was to explore how yoga impacts body-related thoughts, feelings, perceptions and attitudes, well-being, and self-care behaviors in a sample of middle-aged women who regularly engage in yoga in their communities. The sample included 22 women; 10 self-identified as beginners or novices and 12 self-identified as experienced in yoga. Interpretive phenomenological analysis guided the data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Four key themes were identified around the topics of supportive yoga environment, mindfulness, self-care behaviors, and body-related perceptions. Results highlight potential elements of yoga that can support positive body-related experiences in middle-aged women.
