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The modified curvilinear shape prevents the joint activity from being restricted, with visually concealed scars. It is particularly applicable for repairing large wounds and defects around joints. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND Youth with multiple minority identities, such as those who are both sexual minority (eg, lesbian, gay, bisexual) and racial/ethnic minority (eg, Black, Latino) may be at increased risk for bullying and peer victimization. METHODS Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance data (2011-2017) were analyzed (N = 114,881; 50.8% girls; mean age = 15.7 years, SD = 0.03). We used chi-square tests and sex-stratified multiple linear regression models to examine sexual identity and racial/ethnic differences and the intersection between sexual identity and race/ethnicity across 3 forms of bullying and peer victimization, co-occurrence of traditional and electronic bullying, and any type of bullying or peer victimization. RESULTS Sexual minority youth reported higher odds of bullying and peer victimization than heterosexual youth. White youth reported higher odds of bullying than racial/ethnic minority youth. In intersectional analyses, all sexual minority and racial/ethnic minority boys, and bisexual racial/ethnic minority girls were at higher risk for bullying and peer victimization compared to heterosexual peers of the same race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS This study of a large diverse sample of youth advances our understanding of vulnerability to bullying and peer victimization among youth with multiple minority identities. This research can inform policy initiatives and interventions to prevent peer victimization of vulnerable youth. © 2020, American School Health Association.OBJECTIVES As a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Huangqi Jianzhong Tang (HQJZ) has a good efficacy in treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Our objective was to determine its mechanism based on the urine comprehensive metabolome. METHODS In the study, a metabolomic approach was applied to reveal the efficacy of HQJZ on the constructed CAG rats coupled with proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H NMR) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS). KEY FINDINGS The results showed the regulatory effect of HQJZ on urinary metabolism disorder in CAG rats was similar to the positive drug teprenone. Nineteen and 16 potential biomarkers related to CAG were detected by NMR and UPLC-Q/TOF MS, respectively. Thirty-two urine metabolites were significantly regulated by HQJZ treatment. Combined with MetPA and partial least square regression analysis (PLS-RA), three metabolic pathways of valine, leucine and isoleucine, TCA cycle, and glycine, serine and threonine metabolism were the most relevant pathways for HQJZ treatment. CONCLUSIONS The main mechanism of HQJZ might be due to the balance of energy consumption, inflammatory inhibition, improvement of the immune system and oxidative stress on the constructed CAG rats. These findings provided comprehensive metabolic information of TCM by parallel measurements by LC-MS and NMR. © 2020 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.Dr. sirpiglenastat purchase Thomas Dougherty and his Oncology Foundation of Buffalo were the first to support my (S.O.G.) research into the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the host immune system. The small grant I was awarded in 2002 launched my career as an independent researcher; at the time there were few studies on the importance of the immune response on the efficacy of PDT and no studies demonstrating the ability of PDT to enhance anti-tumor immunity. Over the last decades the interest in PDT as an enhancer of anti-tumor immunity and our understanding of the mechanisms by which PDT enhances anti-tumor immunity have dramatically increased. In this review article, we look back on the studies that laid the foundation for our understanding and provide an update on current advances and therapies that take advantage of PDT enhancement of immunity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.PURPOSE Elastography using CT is a promising methodology that can provide patient-specific regional distributions of lung biomechanical properties. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of performing elastography using simulated lower dose CT scans. METHODS A cohort of 8 patient CT image pairs were acquired with a tube current-time product of 40 mAs for estimating baseline lung elastography results. Synthetic low mAs CT scans were generated from the baseline scans to simulate the additional noise that would be present in acquisitions at 30 mAs, 25 mAs, and 20 mAs, respectively. For the simulated low mAs scans, exhalation and inhalation datasets were registered using an in-house optical flow deformable image registration algorithm. The registered deformation vector fields (DVFs) were taken to be ground-truth for the elastography process. A model-based elasticity estimation was performed for each of the reduced mAs datasets, in which the goal was to optimize the elasticity distribution that best represented their respective DVFs. The estimated elasticity and the DVF distributions of the reduced mAs scans were then compared with the baseline elasticity results for quantitative accuracy purposes. RESULTS The DVFs for the low mAs and baseline scans differed from each other by an average of 1.41 mm, which can be attributed to the noise added by the simulated reduction in mAs. However, the elastography results using the DVFs from the reduced mAs scans were similar from the baseline results, with an average elasticity difference of 0.65 kPa, 0.71 kPa, and 0.76 kPa, respectively. This illustrates that elastography can provide equivalent results using low dose CT scans. CONCLUSIONS Elastography can be performed equivalently using CT image pairs acquired with as low as 20 mAs. This expands the potential applications of CT-based elastography. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Anadromy was documented in 16 lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, from Canada's central Arctic using capture data and otolith microchemistry. For the first time, estuarine/marine habitat use was described for five individuals using acoustic telemetry. Age-at-first migration to sea was variable (10-39 years) among individuals and most S. namaycush undertook multiple anadromous migrations within their lifetime. Telemetry data suggested that S. namaycush do not travel far into marine habitats and prefer surface waters ( less then  2 m). These results further our overall understanding of the marine ecology of Arctic S. namaycush. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.