Kanstrupkenny3677

An electrodialysis device is used to transport salt ions from one solution to another through an ion-exchange membrane under the influence of an applied electric potential. They can produce hydronium or hydroxide ions via electrodialysis water, which can be used for online preparation of eluents or suppression or detection in ion chromatography (IC). As opposed to the manual preparation of eluents or regenerant solutions, electrodialysis devices have the advantages such as green, efficient and high purity. Thus, IC systems equipped with electrodialysis devices dominate the majority uses of IC system, and more importantly, find widespread application. The present thesis briefly summarizes the latest developments in this area.The large surface area, adjustable pore structure, good thermal and chemical stabilities, and abundant π-electron systems make triazine-based porous organic polymers (TPOPs) as promising porous materials for gas storage, catalysis, energy conversion and adsorption. Recently, TPOPs have aroused ever-increasing interest and are considered as one of the research highlights in solid phase microextraction (SPME) and other sample pretreatment techniques. This minireview summarizes the recent advancements in the synthesis of TPOPs and their applications in SPME. The application prospects of the TPOPs in SPME and other sample pretreatment techniques are also presented.Nanocarriers are nanoscale delivery systems composed of natural or synthetic polymers, which are advantageous in reducing drug toxicity while improving drug targeting and utilization. With the advancement of biomedical technology, it is revealed that reactive oxygen species (ROS), a class of oxidative metabolites, show abnormal overexpression in disease-related parts of the body. Hence, ROS stimuli-responsive nanocarriers have gained increasing attention, and recent developments are expected to realize controllable drug release. Based on linkers with different ROS-responsive mechanisms, a series of ROS-responsive nanocarriers have been designed to achieve specific controlled drug release under the stimulation of the ROS at the disease site. This article mainly focuses on ROS-responsive linkers, which have been commonly used for the synthesis of nanocarriers in recent years. Accordingly, the linkers are classified as chalcogen-containing responsive linkers (thioether, thioketal, selenide, diselenide, and telluride) and responsive linkers containing other elements (arylboronic ester, ferrocene, and peroxalate ester). ROS stimuli-responsive nanocarriers are fabricated by introducing ROS-responsive linkers in different design principles. Owing to the ROS-responsive linkers, the nanocarriers follow different responsive mechanisms, including hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic phase transition and cleavage. This article discusses the degree of responsiveness of nanocarri-ers and the specific release of drugs from nanocarriers upon ROS-stimuli, as well as their applications in vivo. In particular, on the basis of intelligent drug release and precision medicine, this article also emphasizes the importance of the biocompatibility and biodegradability of nanocarriers.Proteomic analysis aims at characterizing proteins on a large scale, including their relative abundance, post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions and so on. Proteomic profiling helps to elucidate the mechanisms of disease occurrence and to discover new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic technologies have advanced to allow comprehensive qualitative and quantitative proteome profiling across a myriad proteins in cells and tissues. High-throughput proteomics is the core technique for large-scale protein characterization. With the increased demand for large cohort proteomic analysis in the biomedical research field, high-throughput proteomic analysis has become a critical issue that needs to be urgently addressed. The standard shotgun proteomic workflow comprises four steps, including sample preparation, peptide separation, MS acquisition, and data analysis. Advances in these four steps have contributed to the development of high-throughput pros methods. These approaches have improved comprehensive proteomic analysis efficiency. Specifically, the emergence of new algorithms and the up gradation of search engines accelerate the process of high-throughput data analysis. Additionally, the challenges and future development of high-throughput proteomics are prospected. In conclusion, high-throughput proteomic technologies are expected to gradually "transform" and become powerful tools for large cohort proteomic analysis in the near future.Ribonucleic acid (RNA) rarely exists alone in the cell. RNAs interact with a variety of proteins and form RNA-protein complexes (RP-complexes) in every step of their life cycle, from transcription to degradation. These RP-complexes play key roles in regulating a variety of physiological processes. check details Defects in the composition and function of RP-complexes have been associated with many diseases, including metabolic disorders, muscular atrophy, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. It is hence evident that deciphering the highly complex interaction network of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and their RNA targets will provide a better understanding of disease development and lead to the discovery of new targets for cancer therapy. Large-scale identification of RP-complexes at the omics level is a prerequisite for obtaining insights into the complex RNA-protein interaction network. As the first step in omics-wide decoding of RP-complexes, enrichment and purification of RP-complexes is a highly challenging task. Recently, inot require metabolic-based alkyne labeling or polyA-based RNA capture. Each method has unique strengths and drawbacks, which makes it important to select optimal approaches for the biological question being addressed. We hope that this review points out the current limitations and provides future directions to facilitate further development of methods for large-scale investigation of RP-complexes.Sunscreens can be categorized as physical and chemical types. Chemical sunscreens are widely used in cosmetics, and hence, their concentration in the desired products should be strictly monitored. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is widely used for the analysis of cosmetics as it does not require organic mobile phases and allows for accurate qualitative and quantitative analyses. In this study, a method based on GC-MS was established for the determination of 13 sunscreen agents in cosmetics ethylhexyl salicylate, homosalate, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, ethylhexyl dimethyl para-aminobenzoic acid, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate, octocrylene, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, diethylamino hydroxybenzoyl hexyl benzoate, 3-benzylidene camphor, benzophenone-3, camphor benzalkonium methosulfate, drometrizole trisiloxane, and isopentyl-4-methoxycinnamate. Accordingly, 0.5 g of the cosmetic product was dissolved in dichloromethane in a 50 mL volumetric flask and extracted ultrasonically for 15 min. Then, 1.0 mLcosmetics ranged from 0.8% to 5.2%, which were lower than the relevant limits in China. Owing to its advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, and good recovery, the proposed method is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative determination of 13 sunscreen agents in cosmetics. This method provides technical support for market supervision and laboratory testing.A method for the determination of 25 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the atmosphere using isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (ID-HRGC/HRMS) was developed. Sample extraction was performed using an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE). The extraction parameters were as follows the extraction solvent was 50% (v/v) hexane in dichloromethane, the extraction temperature was 100 ℃, the static time was 8 min, the cell was rinsed with 60% cell volume using the aforementioned extraction solvent, the purging time was 180 s with N2 gas, and the extraction proceeded through three cycles. The eluting solutions of common cartridges such as florisil, graphitized carbon black, alumina, and silica were determined via cartridge elution tests. Use of the aforementioned cartridges alone cannot remove the pigments in the air sample solution. Subsequently, all possible pairwise combinations of the four cartridges were used for sample cleaning, and only the combination of florisi4'-DDD were 100% detected in the air samples. The concentrations of HCB (in volumes of 15-30 m3) ranged from 514 to 563 pg/m3, while those of the other OCPs (in a volume of 600 m3) ranged from 0.01 to 18.9 pg/m3. The recoveries of surrogate standards in this sample analysis were in the range of 33.9% to 155%, which satisfied the requirements of EPA Method 1699. Because of the very high detection limits, the current related monitoring standards cannot meet the requirements of atmospheric OCP analysis, especially at the ultra-trace level. In addition, highly sensitive monitoring standard methods are urgently needed. This method is suitable for analyzing most atmospheric OCPs, even at the ultra-trace level. It also lays the foundation for a new standard method formulation and provides strong support for the implementation of relevant international conventions.Cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are the most important components of hemp, whose concentrations determine the properties and applications of hemp. Hemp contains a large number of impurities, which must be removed from the extracting solution before determining the cannabinol contents by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Neutral alumina, magnesium silicate, and graphitized carbon black have different surface characteristics when used as adsorbents. The removal rates of pigments, total sugar, total fatty acid glyceride, and metal ions as well as the recoveries of the three cannabinols in the extraction solution were evaluated. The amounts of neutral alumina, magnesium silicate, and graphitized carbon black were 1.80 g, 0.15 g, and 0.05 g, respectively. The three adsorbents were mixed well and packed into a polypropylene pipe to prepare a special 2 g/6 mL solid phase extraction (SPE) column for determining the three cannabinol compounds in hemp. The chemations of CBD, CBN, and Δ9-THC in the range of 0.5-50 mg/L. The corresponding correlation coefficients (R2) were 0.9983, 0.9995, and 0.9981, while the detection limits were 0.45 μg/L, 0.53 μg/L, and 0.38 μg/L. The recoveries of CBD, CBN, and Δ9-THC were 90.3%-96.9%, 93.7%-95.6%, and 90.8%-96.1%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 2.2%-6.1%, 4.1%-8.0%, and 2.4%-4.8%, respectively. The results were satisfactory, demonstrating that the special SPE column made of neutral alumina, magnesium silicate, and graphitized carbon black was well suited for the determination of the three cannabinol compounds in hemp.Ginsenosides are the main active compounds of ginseng, American ginseng and Panax notoginseng. They have certain pharmacological effects on the cardiovascular, immune and central nervous systems. Most ginsenosides are naturally classified as protopanaxatriol (PPT), protopanaxadiol (PPD), and oleanolic acid (OA) according to their aglycone skeletons. The nine main ginsenosides are Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, Rg1 and Rg2. Accurate quantification of ginsenosides is imperative because they are the characteristic components and quality evaluation indicators of health foods. A new method based on solid phase extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the determination of the nine ginsenosides in health foods. First, the pretreatment conditions were optimized. With the aim of purifying the samples and removing impurities, SPE cartridges with different packing materials, such as Alumina-N/XAD-2 SPE Cartridge, C18 and HLB were investigated. Based on the purification efficiencies, recoveries and other factors, the Alumina-N/XAD-2 SPE cartridge composite SPE column was selected as the pretreatment purification column.