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After discussion with Vascular Surgery Department, given the advanced age, known co-morbidities and the timing of diagnosis, the patient was considered not eligible for revascularization surgery and comfort measures were honored. This case highlights the importance of stablishing a timely and correct diagnosis, even in the very elderly, emphasizing that they too benefit from secondary and tertiary prophylaxis, in order to prevent devastating outcomes as this.A 24-year-old male without previously known comorbidities presented with progressive jaundice and hepatomegaly. Autoimmune serology and liver biopsy revealed features of autoimmune hepatitis. A treatment by oral prednisolone and azathioprine was initiated, after which he achieved remission. However, hyperbilirubinemia persisted, with a predominantly unconjugated fraction. Hemolytic causes of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were ruled out, and the diagnosis of Gilbert syndrome was established.Although the physical health status of the Russian population has improved over time, limited attention has been paid to the role of subjective well-being (SWB), and even less is known about its relationship with objective health conditions. Using the concept of health expectancy, this study estimates the number of years expected to be satisfied with life (happy life expectancy [LE]) for Russian men and women aged 50 years and older between 1994 and 2015. Data on age-specific prevalence rates of life satisfaction were obtained from the Russian Longitudinal Study of Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE), and the life tables were from the Human Life Table Database. We also tested the correlation between macroeconomic indicators and happy LE at age 50. Results based on the Sullivan method demonstrated substantial increases in happy LE at age 50 for both genders during the study period. Changes in happy LE and the percentage of happy life were significant for both genders. Furthermore, happy LE fluctuated during the 1990s but increased in the early 2000s. Importantly, the results from more recent years show stagnation and slight declines in happy LE for men and women. see more We also noted correlations between happy LE at age 50 and macroeconomic indicators, including gross domestic product (GDP), inflation, unemployment, and poverty rates. Taken together, the findings suggest that Russian men and women are becoming more satisfied with life as they live longer. While health has mainly been measured by mortality and morbidity in the Russian context, the finding suggests the importance of focusing more on the positive aspect of population health.Abortion care is a crucial part of reproductive healthcare. Nevertheless, its availability is constrained by numerous forces, including care referrals within the larger healthcare system. Using a unique study of physician faculty across multiple specialties, we examine the factors associated with doctors' ability to refer patients for abortion care among those who were willing to consult in the care of a patient seeking an abortion (N = 674). Even though they were willing to refer a patient for an abortion, half (53%) of the physicians did not know how and whom to make those referrals, though they care for patients who may need them. Those with the least referral knowledge had not been taught abortion care during their medical training and were in earlier stages of their career than those who had more knowledge. This research exposes another obstacle for those seeking an abortion, a barrier that would be overcome with a clear and robust referral system within and across medical specialties.Childhood adversity is a well-established risk factor for mental health problems during adolescence. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study and latent class analysis (LCA), we examined patterns of exposure to ten adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), including socioeconomic adversity, among non-Hispanic (NH) White, NH Black, and Hispanic 9 year olds and determined associations between membership in ACE exposure "classes" and depression and anxiety scores at age 15 (N = 2849). Parental separation/divorce, economic hardship, and paternal incarceration were the most common ACEs. ACE prevalence was significantly higher among Blacks and Hispanics. ACEs clustered into four classes for Whites and Hispanics and three classes for Blacks. Over half of Whites were classified in the 'Low Adversity' class. Conversely, most Black and Hispanic adolescents were classified in the 'High Socioeconomic Adversity and Paternal Incarceration' class, characterized by above average probabilities of experiencin prevention and intervention strategies.As the population ages and the prevalence of dementia increases, unpacking robust and persistent associations between educational attainment and later life cognitive functioning is increasingly important. We do know, from studies with robust causal designs, that policies that increase years of schooling improve later life cognitive functioning. Yet these studies don't illuminate why older adults with greater educational attainment have relatively preserved cognitive functioning. Studies focused on why, however, have been hampered by methodological limitations and inattention to some key explanations for this relationship. Consequently, we test explanations encompassing antecedent factors, specifically family environments, adolescent IQ, and genetic factors, as well as adult mediating mechanisms, specifically health behaviors and health. We employ the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, which includes 80 years of prospectively collected data on a sample of 1 in every 3 high school graduates, and a selected sibling, from the class of 1957. Sibling models, and the inclusion of prospectively collected early and midlife covariates, allows us to address the explanatory and methodological limitations of the prior literature to better unpack the relationship between education and later life cognitive functioning. We find little evidence that early life genetic endowments and environments, or midlife health and health behaviors, explain the relationship. Adolescent cognition, however, does matter; higher educational attainment, linked to antecedent adolescent cognitive functioning, helps protect against lower levels of cognitive functioning in later life. Both adolescent cognition and education, however, independently associate with later life cognitive functioning at relatively similar magnitudes. Educational attainment's relationship to later life cognitive functioning is not simply a function of adolescent cognitive functioning.Cryptosporidium is one of the most important genera of intestinal zoonotic pathogens that cause diarrhea in both humans and animals. Rodents are common and important hosts or carriers of pathogens with public health importance, and rodents play an important role in the ecology of zoonotic transmission. The overall worldwide prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in rodents is 19.8% (4589/23142). Twenty-five known Cryptosporidium species and 43 genotypes have been identified, and C. parvum is the dominant species in rodents worldwide. Rodents transfer pathogens to humans by the direct route or by serving as intermediate hosts transmitting the pathogens to other animals. We review the epidemiology, diversity, and transmission routes of Cryptosporidium spp. in rodents. The main purpose of this review is to highlight Cryptosporidium infection in rodents and its transmission, associated risk factors, and prevention; in addition, we assess the public health and ecological significance of Cryptosporidium infections from the One Health perspective.Despite the advantages of anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps, many surgeons are hesitant to choose a thigh with ipsilateral femoral fracture and internal fixation as the flap donor site. To cover the right mid-upper leg wound, a free ALT flap was harvested from the left thigh of a 55-year-old man who initially underwent closed retrograde intramedullary fixation for a left distal third femoral shaft fracture. The flap was based on a musculocutaneous perforator located in the mid-thigh, which was approximately 10 cm above the proximal fracture level. No adhesion or scar formation between the fascia and adipose tissue was noted when the flap was raised suprafascially, and the adipose tissue surrounding the trunk of the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery was found to have mild edema. The patient regained good aesthetic outcomes and a complete range of active motion in both lower extremities. Based on current evidence of the vascular anatomy of the ALT flap in the literature and our experience, an ipsilateral thigh with distal third femoral shaft fracture and closed retrograde intramedullary fixation should not be considered an absolute contraindication to ALT flap harvesting.This dataset contains data for the island of Java, Indonesia, at the regency-level - comparable to present-day kabupaten. The data concern trends in area of cultivated sugar, total and per-hectare sugar production, crude mortality rates and wages in the period ca. 1909-1924. In addition to this panel dataset, cross-sectional figures were collected about the amount of sawah land (1920), urbanization rates (1905), medical personnel (1919), native population (1905) and areas with communal property with rotating shares. These figures were gathered from primary documents published by the Dutch colonial government and its constituent agencies. These data are relevant for all social scientists (such as economists, demographers or economic historians) interested in Southeast Asia or in the relationship between health indicators and economic development before, during and after an unprecedented pandemic. Historians of Southeast Asia and Indonesia may be interested in these figures as a background against which developments in politics and culture may be sketched. In addition, epidemiologists assessing the health consequences of the 1918 influenza pandemic will find valuable information in this regional dataset. Gallardo-Albarrán and de Zwart (2021) have shown on the basis of this dataset how the 1918 influenza pandemic affected economic activity across Java in this period.The late enhanced magnetic resonance image dataset in this article is simulated using a mechanistic cardiac phantom that includes an myocardial infarct. Settings of the image simulation pipeline are adjusted such that high- and low-resolution images, with and without slice alignment artifacts, are simulated. Our article on the influence of image artifacts on image-based models of the cardiac electrophysiology is based on this data (Kruithof et al., 2021). This dataset provides image-analysis researchers a reference to perform validation of their methods using the included high-resolution ground truth image, a resource that is often unavailable clinically.Osteoarthritis (OA) is known to involve profound changes in bone density and microstructure near to, and even distal to, the joint. Critically, however, a full, spatial picture of these abnormalities has not been well documented in a quantitative fashion in hip OA. Here, micro-computed tomography (44.8 μm/voxel) and data-driven computational anatomy were used to generate 3-D maps of the distribution of bone density and microstructure in human femoral neck samples with early (6F/4M, mean age = 51.3 years), moderate (14F/8M, mean age = 60 years), and severe (16F/6M, mean age = 63.3 years) radiographic OA. With increasing severity of radiographic OA, there was decreased cortical bone mineral density (BMD) (p=0.003), increased cortical thickness (p=0.001), increased cortical porosity (p=0.0028), and increased cortical cross-sectional area (p=0.0012, due to an increase in periosteal radius (p=0.018)), with no differences detected in the total femoral neck or trabecular compartment measures. No OA-related region-specific differences were detected through Statistical Parametric Mapping, but there were trends towards decreased tissue mineral density (TMD) in the inferior femoral neck with increasing OA severity (0.