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Mean ± SD time to loss of righting reflex was 6.4 ± 2.4 minutes after KM administration and 10 ± 4.0 minutes after AM administration. Following flumazenil administration, no significant difference was found in recovery time between sedation with KM (18.8 ± 12.7 minutes) and AM (14.4 ± 7.8 minutes). No significant differences were found in respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, or body temperature between protocols, whereas heart rate was higher for sedation with KM. Both sedation protocols resulted in a transient reduction in food intake.

Subcutaneous administration of KM and AM provided deep sedation that might be useful to facilitate routine, noninvasive procedures in hedgehogs.

Subcutaneous administration of KM and AM provided deep sedation that might be useful to facilitate routine, noninvasive procedures in hedgehogs.

A 9-month-old miniature Hereford heifer was evaluated for a mass on the right inferior eyelid that had progressed in size over 3 months.

Physical examination revealed a firm, ulcerated, pedunculated mass on the right inferior eyelid that extended from the medial quarter to beyond the lateral canthus of the eye. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/iu1.html The base of the mass measured 7.4 × 6.7 cm, and the dorsal margin of the base of the mass was approximately 3 mm ventral to the inferior eyelid margin. Histologic evaluation of incisional biopsy specimens from the mass was consistent with fibrosarcoma.

The mass was surgically resected with care taken to preserve the eyelid margin. The resulting 10 × 8.5-cm surgical wound was treated with adjunct CO

laser therapy and closed by primary closure at its medial and central aspects and placement of a 4.6 × 2.6-cm lyophilized equine amnion multilayer graft and 2 sheets of 4-ply porcine small intestinal submucosa at its lateral aspect. The grafts were kept moist by alternating topical antimicrobial and artificial tear ointments for 3 weeks. The wound healed without complications, resulting in a functional and aesthetically pleasing outcome despite the development of moderate ectropion at the lateral aspect of the inferior eyelid.

Results suggested that a combination of extracellular matrix scaffolds may be an alternative to extensive skin flaps for management of large dermal wounds, particularly wounds resulting from blepharoplasty where preservation of an eyelid margin is desired.

Results suggested that a combination of extracellular matrix scaffolds may be an alternative to extensive skin flaps for management of large dermal wounds, particularly wounds resulting from blepharoplasty where preservation of an eyelid margin is desired.

To describe intracanalicular injection of 10% N-acetylcysteine (IINAC) as adjunctive treatment for sialoceles in dogs.

25 client-owned dogs.

Hard copy medical records at 2 veterinary ophthalmology practices were searched to identify dogs that underwent IINAC for treatment of sialoceles from January 2000 to December 2017. Signalment, affected salivary gland, clinical signs, duration of signs, other treatments administered, diagnostic tests performed, anesthetic approach,

-acetylcysteine volume administered, complications, follow-up time, and recurrence of sialoceles were recorded. Descriptive statistics were reported.

Boxers and mixed-breed dogs were most commonly represented. Subjectively decreased globe retropulsion and conjunctival or periorbital swelling (23/25 [92%] dogs each) were the most common clinical signs, with no vision deficits in any patient. The zygomatic gland was mainly affected (23/25 [92%] dogs), followed by parotid and mandibular glands (1 [4%] dog each). The condition was unilateral in 22 (88%) dogs. Ultrasonography (19/25 [76%] dogs), MRI (14 [56%]), fine-needle aspiration (20 [80%]), and biopsy (4 [16%]) were performed; however, the condition was deemed idiopathic in 22 (88%) dogs. Most IINACs were performed with local anesthesia (median volume, 5 mL/gland; range, 1.5 to 9 mL). No complications were identified. Other treatments included antimicrobials and anti-inflammatories. Mean follow-up time was 18.8 months. All recurrences (5/23 [22%] dogs) were controlled with medical management.

Results suggested noninvasive IINAC may be a useful adjunctive treatment for sialoceles in dogs. The procedure was easily and safely performed with local anesthesia (or general anesthesia with concurrent diagnostic imaging) in these dogs.

Results suggested noninvasive IINAC may be a useful adjunctive treatment for sialoceles in dogs. The procedure was easily and safely performed with local anesthesia (or general anesthesia with concurrent diagnostic imaging) in these dogs.

A 15-year-old sexually intact female ring-tailed lemur (

) was evaluated for a heart murmur and progressive radiographic cardiomegaly.

The lemur was clinically normal at the time of initial evaluation. Results of transthoracic echocardiography performed when the animal was anesthetized indicated mitral valve stenosis and severe left atrial dilation. Three months later, signs of left-sided congestive heart failure (CHF; coughing, exercise intolerance, and tachypnea) were observed and confirmed by the presence of radiographic pulmonary edema.

Medical treatment that consisted of aspirin, benazepril, furosemide, pimobendan, spironolactone, and ultimately torsemide in lieu of furosemide successfully controlled the lemur's clinical signs for 33 months after the development of CHF. Euthanasia was then elected on the basis of perceived poor quality of life because tachypnea became refractory to progressively higher dosages of diuretic. Necropsy confirmed mitral stenosis with severe left atrial dilation and chronic pulmonary congestion.

The present report described the long-term medical management of CHF secondary to mitral stenosis in a lemur. Mitral stenosis was suspected to be a congenital defect, similar to the cause of mitral stenosis reported for dogs and cats, rather than to be an acquired change in association with rheumatic heart disease as commonly occurs for people. The lemur's CHF was well managed for 33 months with treatment, including pimobendan, which was well tolerated.

The present report described the long-term medical management of CHF secondary to mitral stenosis in a lemur. Mitral stenosis was suspected to be a congenital defect, similar to the cause of mitral stenosis reported for dogs and cats, rather than to be an acquired change in association with rheumatic heart disease as commonly occurs for people. The lemur's CHF was well managed for 33 months with treatment, including pimobendan, which was well tolerated.