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Anticoagulants are employed to prevent clotting and preserve cellular morphology for clinical pathology tests. Lithium heparin (LH) is the most frequently used anticoagulant in chelonians; however, dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) may be superior in some species. Although eastern box turtles' (Terrapene carolina carolina) hematologic parameters are well studied, the effects of different anticoagulants on hematology in this species are unknown. This study evaluated the effects of LH and EDTA on hematologic values in free-living eastern box turtles (N = 59). Blood samples were collected from eastern box turtles in Illinois and immediately divided between LH and EDTA microtainers, and complete blood counts were performed on each sample. Grossly, plasma from EDTA blood samples was frequently and significantly hemolyzed. Blood mixed with LH had higher packed cell volume (PCV) (P = 0.04), white blood cell count (WBC) determined by Leukopet (P less then 0.0001), WBC determined by blood film estimate (P less then 0.0001), absolute heterophils (P = 0.007), absolute lymphocytes (P less then 0.0001), and lower total solids (P less then 0.0001) and absolute monocytes (P = 0.0001) than blood mixed with EDTA. All relative leukocyte counts were significantly different between the anticoagulants (P less then 0.0001). EDTA apparently lysed turtle erythrocytes in this study, making it difficult to accurately count white blood cells and artificially lowering PCV. These findings demonstrate that EDTA should not be used in eastern box turtles.Ketamine-free, midazolam-based protocols have successfully immobilized cervids in the past but their impact on physiological function has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Six deer received IM dexmedetomidine (30.96 ± 3.06 µg/kg) and midazolam (0.31 ± 0.03 mg/kg). Heart rates (HR), respiratory rates (f ), rectal temperature, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded 25 min after drug delivery (T25) and every 5 min until T55. An arterial blood sample was collected at T40. Mean HR and temperature significantly decreased throughout sedation, but were maintained above critical values (> 60 beats/ min and 37°C, respectively). Although not statistically different, f clinically decreased during sedation. MAP remained within acceptable ranges (60-80 mmHg) and SpO2 above 95%. Mean PaO2 was normal (>80 mmHg), but a mild hypoxemia was observed on two occasions. Recovery was smooth yet prolonged, as the first head movement, attempt to stand, sternal recumbency, and standing position were recorded within 9.36 ± 3.47, 10.32 ± 1.37, 13.13 ± 2.70, and 15.34 ± 2.57 min after IM atipamezole, respectively. This protocol was effective for short-term procedures in captive brown brocket deer, and appeared to be safe on the basis of arterial blood gases and cardiorespiratory variables.As many as a dozen cases of lethal acute hemorrhagic disease (HD) in young captive-born Sumatran sub-species Asian elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus roman) calves raised naturally in camps in Sumatra have been observed in recent years. To address whether these deaths, like many others documented worldwide, might be associated with acute systemic infection by elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV), diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests followed by subtype deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing analysis were carried out on pathologic tissue samples from two lethal HD cases that occurred within 6 days of one another in calves at the same camp. Viral DNA from five selected PCR loci was found to be present at high levels in both calves and proved to be the same EEHV1A virus species that has been described most commonly previously in numerous lethal or surviving symptomatic cases in North America, Europe, India, and Thailand. Furthermore, the two cases were identical at all five PCR loci tested (covering a total of 3,050 base pairs) and were therefore likely to have been infected from the same epidemiologic source herdmate. However, the strain involved (which was subtype-D2 in the vGPCR1 locus) differed from all previously characterized EEHV1A strains. In conclusion, these two calves are the first two confirmed HD cases in Sumatra alongside several other suspected HD cases in Sumatra that have succumbed to the same devastating EEHV1A-HD that has afflicted young Asian elephants worldwide over the past 25 yr. Because the progeny of some of the 1,500 remaining red-listed critically endangered Sumatra subspecies elephants are bred naturally in camps from wild parents it seems very likely that the EEHV1A herpesvirus identified here in these HD camp cases is also present in the free-ranging Sumatran elephant population, and this will have to be taken into account in future wildlife management policies and decisions.The control and elimination of pseudorabies (PR) is one of the most important goals in the pig industry. After the first PR outbreak in Korea in 1986, all pigs infected with PR virus (PRV) were removed, and a vaccination program for pigs was implemented. No PR has occurred in Korea since 2010, and vaccination was discontinued after 2013. Information on the seroprevalence of PRV in pigs, including wild boars (Sus scrofa), is important for evaluating the PR status in a country. In this study, 2.65% (28/1057) of the wild boars tested had antibodies against PRV in 2018, indicating that PRV has been circulating continuously in the wild boar population in Korea. Effective means should be implemented to prevent the transmission of PRV between wild and domestic pigs, because the wild boar is a potential reservoir host for PRV.The population of the Mauritian pink pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri) fell to fewer than 20 individuals in the 1970s. Following intensive conservation efforts, the free-living population is now estimated to be 470 individuals. However, because of the population bottleneck the species remains at risk of extinction because of genetic loss and inbreeding depression. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Omecamtiv-mecarbil-CK-1827452.html A European captive population was established in 1977 and a European Endangered Species Program (EEP) was formalized in 1992. As birds in the EEP captive population possess unique alleles not observed in the surviving free-living birds, the EEP management plan recommends transferring EEP birds to Mauritius to improve genetic diversity. Health screening of the current EEP population to identify circulating pathogens was performed. Forty-two birds from three collections in the United Kingdom and one in Jersey were screened for a wide range of pathogens, present clinically or subclinically, including important viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Eleven birds tested positive for at least one pathogen Trichomonas spp.